區塊鏈技術和加密貨幣日益成為全球銀行及金融機構的焦點。受監管明朗化和競爭壓力推動，主要銀行正陸續展開加密貨幣及分布式帳本工具的試點和交流。
花旗分析師指出，「區塊鏈的普及由於監管不斷變化，以及對透明度和責任的重視而加速推進」，銀行除了努力現代化舊有系統，亦開始關注像穩定幣這樣的新金融工具。很多銀行正借助區塊鏈簡化內部事務流程，擺脫低效的紙本系統。
根據2024年一項研究，瑞銀報告試行自家區塊鏈支付系統（UBS Digital Cash），希望實現「跨境支付更高效及透明化」，顯示業界正積極探索分布式帳本解決方案。與此同時，管理層強調審慎行事；多數銀行僅願意循序漸進，採取小規模試點及合作項目前行，直至監管更加清晰。
銀行對區塊鏈的探索涵蓋私人帳本網絡及公開加密貨幣生態。許多大型銀行參與聯盟或推出許可制平台，例如摩根大通的Quorum及IBM的Hyperledger Fabric，亦緊密關注以太坊和穩定幣等公鏈。舉例而言，西班牙桑坦德銀行以Ripple技術推出海外支付服務One Pay FX，而美國大型銀行亦私下討論合作發行美元計價的共同穩定幣。
各國中央銀行積極開發數碼貨幣，尋求與商業銀行系統整合央行數碼貨幣（CBDC）及代幣化存款。例如，40間國際領先銀行（包括摩根大通、滙豐、瑞銀及三菱日聯）參與由國際結算銀行（BIS）主導的「Agora」項目，試驗批發CBDC及代幣化存款用於跨境支付。業界觀察家強調區塊鏈的吸引力在於效率、安全和透明度——「簡化營運效能、提升資料保護及降低詐騙風險」——但也不諱言在詐騙、私隱及技術層面仍面對挑戰。
銀行採用的區塊鏈及加密技術概覽
銀行應用多種區塊鏈與加密技術，從私有分布帳本到公開網絡，各具不同功能。
公鏈與許可鏈
很多銀行偏好許可制（私有）區塊鏈，只允許經審核成員參與，方便控制存取權限與私隱。例如，瑞銀的跨境「數碼現金」支付試點就建立於僅授權參加者可加入的私有區塊鏈網絡。
許可平台如摩根大通Quorum（企業版Ethereum）及R3的Corda容許銀行共享帳本但不向外公開數據。相反，公鏈如比特幣、以太坊則無需許可，任何人都能參與，流動性高但私隱性較低。
銀行一般間接使用公鏈，例如為客戶託管或發行加密貨幣，但多數金融應用仍以許可制網絡運作以符合私隱及監管要求。
加密貨幣及數碼資產
銀行正逐步把加密貨幣納入服務陣容。部分機構已向特選客戶提供比特幣、以太幣等主流加密貨幣的託管及交易服務，以回應市場需求。
例如摩根大通、高盛及渣打均已為客戶設立加密貨幣交易平台或託管。惟銀行對於內部持有大量加密資產仍然審慎，主要因價格波動大及監管不明。
基於風險考量，不少銀行轉而聚焦於穩定幣——與法幣掛鈎的加密代幣。多家大型銀行正研究利用穩定幣加快結算，當中摩根大通的JPM Coin已在內部帳本即時轉移等值法幣。2025年中，據媒體報導，摩根大通、Bank of America、花旗及Wells Fargo已初步討論共同發行受監管的穩定幣。這些穩定幣可全年無休流通，有助資金提速轉帳。實際上，銀行應用區塊鏈往往結合穩定幣與私有帳本：如桑坦德以RippleNet互聯信息路由跨境付款，儘管銀行至今尚未直接使用XRP。
資產代幣化
代幣化即把實體資產搬上區塊鏈，亦是現時銀行聚焦的方向。銀行已試點代幣化存款、債券等證券，務求提升流動性及全天候交易。
例如花旗曾嘗試發行代幣化貨幣市場基金及債券，近年更有24小時代幣化存款試點。滙豐及Northern Trust分析師則預測，2030年前全球5至10%金融資產或將上鏈。貿易金融領域上，銀行支持數碼化信用證、發票等平台。例如we.trade聯盟（包括CaixaBank、德銀、滙豐、KBC、Nordea、Rabobank、桑坦德、法興、瑞銀等）就運用Hyperledger Fabric簡化進出口融資。
代幣化有望實現更快結算週期及資訊透明。如花旗管理層所言，區塊鏈旨在「取代傳統中心化系統，帶來營運效率提升、資料保護加強及減少詐騙」。但實證顯示大規模代幣化交易仍進展緩慢，現時主要用於內部流動資金管理。
穩定幣與CBDC
除私人穩定幣外，全球中央銀行亦加快推出數碼法幣（CBDC）計劃。商業銀行高度關注批發CBDC或成為新一代結算渠道。多個央行（如歐洲央行、日本央行及美聯儲）已發布CBDC設計方案或展開試點。值得一提的是，由BIS及IIF主導的Agora全球試點涵蓋44國和數十間銀行，測試CBDC及銀行存款代幣互通性。
同時，瑞士央行的Helvetia項目亦成功以批發CBDC帳本完成多宗數碼債券發行（包括瑞銀及商業銀行），並計劃隨業界擴大規模。
這些舉措表明銀行正積極迎接法幣數碼化的未來——屆時跨境及大額支付或不再倚賴加密貨幣。於新興市場，中國數碼人民幣（e-CNY）試點累積交易額已達數萬億元，亞洲地區銀行亦正積極接入有關系統。
去中心化金融（DeFi）整合
去中心化金融指以智能合約在公鏈上進行借貸、交易和支付，目前與傳統銀行界仍屬分離，但已日漸引起受監管金融機構關注。
雖然暫時只有少數銀行直接部署DeFi協議，不過部分銀行正於許可鏈環境下嘗試相關概念。例如利用自動流動性池、代幣化信貸實現全天候融資。
摩根大通Onyx團隊更參與MakerDAO治理委員會，協助制定Ethereum借貸機構的機構應用規則。與此同時，大型金融參與者正推動混合模式：加密貨幣交易所及託管銀行整合區塊鏈服務，以符合法規管控。本質而言，銀行對於DeFi創新（如代幣化貸款、流動性質押）高度關注效率，但現階段實際運用仍小規模、審慎推展。
金融機構採用區塊鏈和加密貨幣的利與弊
區塊鏈為金融機構帶來明顯優勢，同時亦存在相當挑戰。
優點
不可竄改且去中心化的帳本大幅提升效率。透過建立交易「黃金紀錄」，銀行既可減少繁瑣對賬流程並加快結算。雅盛預計利用區塊鏈處理證券和合規，可為銀行節省約三至五成基礎設施成本。
智能合約能自動化手續（如付款、信貸審查、KYC）且方便審核：所有交易經加密時間戳記，更易追查。例如we.trade等交易平台能讓信用證自動履行，大幅減省文書與等候時間。銀行亦重視區塊鏈的安全與透明度：作為加密保護的分布式系統，設計周全的區塊鏈有助防止篡改、增強詐騙監控。摩根大通強調JPM Coin「降低客戶對手方及結算風險」，將現金代幣化上鏈。
此外，各種新型加密工具讓銀行推出創新服務（如加密託管、代幣化投資產品），吸引懂科技的新客戶，也為銀行開拓新收入來源。如瑞銀區塊鏈試點所言，就是希望「比傳統渠道令支付過程更高效及透明」——這已成為行業共識。
缺點
儘管優勢明顯，銀行仍憂慮某些重大風險。加密市場價格依然劇烈波動，引致銀行憂慮... Regulators have warned banks explicitly to be “wary of volatility, legal uncertainty and liquidity risks” when dealing with crypto. Indeed, many executives (like JPMorgan’s Jamie Dimon) cite money-laundering and market abuse risks inherent in crypto networks.
監管機構已明確警告銀行，處理加密貨幣時須「提防波動性、法律不確定性同流動性風險」。事實上，不少銀行高層（例如摩根大通的Jamie Dimon）都指出加密網絡本身存在洗黑錢同市場操控等風險。
Permissioned blockchains mitigate some risks, but they can sacrifice privacy and decentralization. Banks face significant integration challenges: connecting blockchains to core banking systems and legacy processes is complex, and scaling solutions to enterprise volume can be difficult. Citi’s analysts caution that blockchain still carries “vulnerability to potential fraud, confidentiality concerns and secure access to digital assets” as key risks.
私有（有權限）區塊鏈可以減輕部分風險，但有機會犧牲私隱同去中心化。銀行面臨唔少整合挑戰：要連接區塊鏈去核心銀行系統同現有流程非常複雜，而要擴展去企業級規模都唔容易。花旗分析師警告，區塊鏈依然有「容易被詐騙、資訊保密同數字資產安全存取」等主要風險。
There are also operational hazards – smart contract bugs or protocol outages could disrupt services – and legal uncertainties since many crypto laws are still evolving. Finally, customer expectations are a factor: converting clients to new blockchain-based experiences requires education and trust. Banks must therefore balance blockchain’s promise against these regulatory, technical and business hurdles.
同時都有營運風險，例如智能合約漏洞、協議中斷都會影響服務，而法律層面上好多加密相關法例仲未完善。最後，客戶期望都係一個因素：要客戶習慣用區塊鏈新體驗，需要教育同建立信任。所以銀行要喺區塊鏈嘅潛力同法規、技術、商業障礙之間取得平衡。
7 Blockchain and Crypto Technologies Used by Banks
七大銀行採用嘅區塊鏈同加密技術
Ripple (XRP)
Ripple’s suite of cross-border payment tools is notable among banks, though adoption of its native token XRP has been limited.
Ripple 開發嘅一系列跨境支付工具喺銀行界比較知名，不過銀行對其原生代幣 XRP 嘅採用就有限。
Ripple offers two main products: xCurrent (a messaging and settlement system) and xRapid (which uses XRP for liquidity). Santander’s One Pay FX service is built on Ripple’s network (xCurrent), enabling faster international transfers between the bank’s subsidiaries. In a 2016 R3-led trial, a consortium of banks (including Barclays, RBC, Santander and others) successfully used XRP to rebalance liquidity: banks converted fiat into XRP and back to execute instant cross-border payments, reportedly saving up to 60% in funding costs.
Ripple 有兩大主要產品：xCurrent（訊息及結算系統）同 xRapid（用XRP做流動性）。Santander 銀行嘅 One Pay FX 服務就係建基於 Ripple 嘅 xCurrent 網絡上，令旗下子公司之間嘅國際匯款更快捷。2016年，R3帶領多間銀行（包括巴克萊、加拿大皇家銀行、桑坦德等）試驗以XRP作流動性重平衡，銀行將法定貨幣兌換成XRP再兌返，來即時完成跨境支付，據報可節省高達六成資金成本。
However, Ripple’s executives acknowledge that “xRapid and XRP are not being used by banks” currently ; those pilots mainly involved money-transfer companies. Some Asian banks (via SBI Ripple Asia) and fintechs have integrated RippleNet messaging, but most institutions have hesitated to hold XRP due to its crypto status. Thus, Ripple’s blockchain has mainly been tested for payments efficiency and 24/7 liquidity, even as banks await clearer regulation of cryptos.
不過，Ripple 高層都承認「xRapid 以及 XRP 而家並未被銀行真正使用」；之前試點主要都係針對匯款公司。部分亞洲銀行（例如透過 SBI Ripple Asia）同金融科技公司都用咗 RippleNet 訊息系統，但多數金融機構都因為XRP係加密資產而傾向唔持有。所以，Ripple區塊鏈現時主要都係用嚟測試支付效率同持續流動性，而好多銀行仍然觀望加密監管清晰化。
JPM Coin and Onyx by JPMorgan
JPMorgan’s Onyx business has developed several blockchain solutions, led by the JPM Coin project and its Quorum-based networks. In 2019 JPMorgan launched JPM Coin – a digital token pegged 1:1 to the U.S. dollar – for instantaneous settlement among institutional clients.
摩根大通旗下 Onyx 業務組已經開發多個區塊鏈方案，當中以 JPM Coin 項目和基於 Quorum 的網絡最為主打。2019年，摩根大通推出咗JPM Coin——一種與美元1:1掛鉤嘅數碼代幣，方便機構客戶即時結算。
When a client transfers funds on the bank’s ledger, the sender hands over JPM Coins that the receiver then immediately redeems for dollars, enabling trustless real-time transfers and lowering settlement risk.
當客戶喺銀行台帳內轉帳時，發送方就交出 JPM Coin，收方即時兌換返成現金，無須信任對方就做到即時轉帳，亦降低結算風險。
As JPMorgan’s Umar Farooq explained, the bank sees a “unique opportunity” to build this capability responsibly under regulatory oversight. Beyond JPM Coin, Onyx has built blockchain services for broader cash management. Notably, Siemens (in Germany) and other corporate clients are already using JPMorgan’s blockchain platform to move money globally in real time. JPMorgan is expanding these services into Switzerland and beyond, expecting to onboard corporate customers onto its blockchain network in the near future. On the interbank side, JPMorgan’s Quorum (a permissioned Ethereum fork) underpins its Interbank Information Network (IIN, now Liink) involving hundreds of banks , and is being used to prototype new cross-border settlement systems with partners in Australia and Canada.
正如摩根大通 Umar Farooq 所講，銀行喺監管下推動呢個能力係獨特機遇。除咗 JPM Coin，Onyx 亦有提供更廣泛嘅現金管理區塊鏈服務。值得一提，德國西門子同其他企業客戶已經用緊摩根大通區塊鏈平台，做實時全球資金調撥。摩根大通正準備將服務推展去瑞士同其他地區，並計劃吸納更多企業客戶加入區塊鏈網絡。至於銀行間業務方面，摩根大通將 Quorum（以太坊分支、私有鏈）作為其銀行間信息網絡（現稱 Liink）基礎，涉及數百間銀行，亦正同澳洲、加拿大夥伴合作，試驗新型跨境結算系統。
In sum, JPMorgan has fully embraced private-chain solutions: JPM Coin for tokenized cash and Onyx platforms for payments and trade, while still steering clear of owning open cryptocurrencies itself.
總括而言，摩根大通已經全面擁抱私有鏈方案：JPM Coin 用作現金代幣化，而 Onyx 平台負責支付同交易，同時避免直接持有公開加密貨幣資產。
Ethereum / Quorum
Ethereum, the leading smart-contract platform, also finds use in banking – chiefly through permissioned variants. Several banks have built or participated in private Ethereum-based networks.
以太坊作為主流智能合約平台，亦被銀行界採用——尤其係有權限版本。唔少銀行已經建立或者參與咗以太坊私有鏈網絡。
For instance, Quorum (developed by JPMorgan) is essentially an enterprise Ethereum with added privacy features. Bloomberg reported that ConsenSys acquired Quorum in 2020 and that JPMorgan continues to support it as an open-source project.
例如由摩根大通開發嘅 Quorum，本質上就係一個為企業設計、加強私隱功能嘅以太坊版本。據彭博報導，2020年ConsenSys 收購咗 Quorum，摩根大通都繼續支持其開源發展。
Beyond JPMorgan’s work, banks are members of the Enterprise Ethereum Alliance and have used Ethereum for tokenization pilots. A key example is the Komgo platform (founded by banks and energy traders) which uses Quorum to automate commodity trade finance (approving KYC and issuing digital letters of credit). Moreover, some international funds and bond issuers have used Ethereum testnets: Societe Generale issued a retail bond as a security token on Ethereum in 2019.
除咗摩根大通，其他銀行都有加入企業以太坊聯盟，用以太坊試行資產代幣化。好似Komgo 平台（由銀行及能源商共同成立）就用 Quorum 自動化商品貿易融資（自動審批KYC、發行數字信用證）。仲有啲國際基金同發債機構都用過以太坊測試網，例如法國興業銀行2019年曾以以太坊發行零售型債券做為證券型代幣。
JPMorgan itself publicly endorsed Ethereum’s potential by noting Quorum’s roots in Ethereum. In practice, banks appreciate Ethereum’s mature smart-contract capabilities and large developer ecosystem, but deploy it in permissioned, regulated settings to maintain compliance.
摩根大通自己都公開認同以太坊潛力，強調 Quorum 係以太坊延伸。實際上，銀行睇重以太坊嘅智能合約成熟度同開發社群優勢，但都係用於有規管、有權限的私有環境下，以確保符合法規要求。
Hyperledger Fabric
Hyperledger Fabric (an open-source blockchain framework from the Linux Foundation) is widely used in trade and finance consortia. Designed for private networks, Fabric lets permissioned entities run smart contracts without a public token.
Hyperledger Fabric（由Linux基金會開源推動的區塊鏈框架）喺貿易及金融聯盟上廣泛採用。Fabric 主要設計比私有網絡用，有權限參與者可以運行智能合約，無須發行公開代幣。
A prominent banking use-case was we.trade, a trade finance platform jointly launched by a dozen banks (including Santander, HSBC, Société Générale, UBS, Nordea, KBC and others) and IBM. We.trade’s network – built on IBM’s blockchain platform running Hyperledger Fabric – enables European exporters to automate letters of credit, track shipments and manage payments across borders with minimal paperwork. By registering trades on the shared ledger, banks involved in we.trade could significantly cut processing time and risk.
一個代表性銀行案例係 we.trade。呢個貿易融資平台由十幾間銀行（包括桑坦德、滙豐、法國興業銀行、瑞銀、北歐銀行、KBC等）聯合IBM共同推動。we.trade建基於 IBM Hyperledger Fabric區塊鏈上，令歐洲出口商可以自動化處理信用證、貨運追蹤及跨境支付，減少繁複的文書工序。導入共享帳本後，參與銀行可大幅縮短處理時間同降低風險。
Other banks have used Fabric or similar frameworks for supply-chain finance and compliance projects.
其他銀行亦有用Fabric或類似架構，開發供應鏈金融、合規管理等項目。
For example, Barclays and other banks have collaborated with IBM on a Fabric-based repo market platform, and HSBC/ING have joined consortia using Hyperledger for various trade-use cases. While Hyperledger Fabric lacks a native cryptocurrency, it provides the secure, modular environment banks need for tokenizing assets and automating contracts in joint ventures (with automated consensus but without mining).
例如巴克萊同其他銀行就同IBM 合作，用Fabric開發回購市場平台；而滙豐及ING等亦參與以Hyperledger為基礎的多項貿易應用。雖然Hyperledger Fabric冇原生加密貨幣，但佢可以提供銀行所需的安全、模組式環境，以便於資產代幣化同自動合同（自動共識而不需挖礦）。
R3 Corda
R3’s Corda is another permissioned distributed ledger platform, tailored for financial institutions. R3 consists of a consortium of 100+ banks and institutions dedicated to building Corda applications. In 2017, R3 and 22 major banks (Barclays, HSBC, Citi, RBC, Santander, etc.) announced a joint prototype for cross-border payments on Corda.
R3嘅Corda又係另一個針對金融機構設計嘅有權限分布式台帳平台。R3係由超過一百間銀行同機構組成嘅聯盟，共同開發Corda應用。2017年，R3同22間主要銀行（巴克萊、滙豐、花旗、加拿大皇家銀行、桑坦德等）發表咗一個Corda跨境支付原型。
The idea was to let banks settle payments in minutes on a shared ledger, eliminating traditional correspondent banking delays. Corda’s architecture is designed to handle large transaction volumes and privacy between parties. While initial R3-backed projects focused on trade and asset tokenization, R3 also launched the Marco Polo network (for trade finance) and the Voltron initiative (for letters of credit).
目的就係令銀行可以喺共享台帳幾分鐘內結算款項，免卻傳統代理行延誤。Corda設計上支援高交易量同交易雙方私隱。最初R3支持的項目重點在貿易同資產代幣化上，之後又推出Marco Polo網絡（貿易融資）及Voltron計劃（數字信用證）。
Several global banks use Corda in pilots: Natixis, for example, stated it was “exploring initiatives” in cross-border payments on Corda, believing in the promise of distributed ledger payments. More recently, R3 has been expanding its platform to integrate with public blockchains like Solana for greater interoperability.
多間國際銀行現正試行Corda，例如Natixis指明正「探索」用Corda做跨境支付，相信分布式台帳支付具有潛力。近年R3亦開展同公鏈（如Solana）對接計劃，提升互通性。
In banking, Corda’s strength is its industry backing (members include most large Western banks) and its focus on multi-party workflows. Several central banks have even used Corda to simulate tokenized financial market infrastructures in pilot projects.
Corda優勢在於有強大行業支持（多數大型西方銀行係會員），並專注多方工作流程。甚至有央行用Corda模擬資產代幣化金融市場基建試點。
Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs)
CBDCs are digital forms of fiat currency issued by central banks, and banks are actively preparing for them.
央行數字貨幣（CBDC）係由中央銀行發行嘅數字法定貨幣，銀行都好積極準備迎接。
Around the world, nearly every major currency is exploring or piloting a CBDC. Commercial banks are participating in wholesale CBDC tests, where CBDCs circulate only among banks, as a way to revolutionize settlement. For example, the Atlantic Council reported that all G20 nations are researching CBDCs and 44 countries had active pilots as of 2024.
全球幾乎所有主要國家都正研發或試行CBDC。商業銀行積極參與批發型CBDC試驗（只喺銀行間流通），以革新結算方式。例如：大西洋理事會報告，截至2024年，所有G20國家都研究CBDC，有44個國家進行緊試點。
Some banks are already building the rails: a consortium of 40 banks (JPMorgan, HSBC, UBS, MUFG, etc.) joined the G7/BIS “mBridge/Agora” project to test a platform combining tokenized CBDCs and bank deposits for cross-border transfers. In Switzerland, the Swiss National Bank’s Project Helvetia involves six banks (UBS, Commerzbank, etc.) issuing and settling digital bonds on a wholesale CBDC platform. On the retail side, banks in the eurozone and U.S. are awaiting the ECB and Fed moves: the ECB expects to finalize the digital euro framework by 2026 , after which retail payments via CBDC could transform consumer banking.
現時已有銀行構建CBDC基礎設施：如40間銀行（摩根大通、滙豐、瑞銀、三菱日聯等）組成聯盟，參與G7/BIS「mBridge/Agora」項目，試驗將CBDC同存款代幣化結合做跨境支付。在瑞士，央行「Helvetia」項目有六間銀行（包括瑞銀、商業銀行等）用CBDC平台發行同結算數碼債券。零售層面，歐元區同美國銀行正觀望歐洲央行同聯儲局動向：ECB預計2026年前落實數字歐元框架，之後用CBDC零售支付有機會徹底改變零售銀行。
In Asia, banks have already interfaced with China’s e-CNY pilot – currently the largest CBDC trial – as businesses accept digital yuan payments. Ultimately, CBDCs could give banks new ways to provide accounts and credit; banks may hold retail CBDC accounts, and use wholesale CBDCs to settle large transactions instantly and reduce central-bank reserves.
亞洲方面，銀行已經參與咗中國數碼人民幣（e-CNY）試點——現時全球最大型CBDC試驗，越來越多企業接受數字人民幣付款。長遠而言，CBDC可為銀行帶來新型賬戶及信貸服務方式，例如銀行可以持有零售CBDC賬戶，同時用批發型CBDC即時結算大額交易及減少央行存款準備。
Chainalysis and Crypto Compliance Tools
As banks venture into crypto, they rely heavily on blockchain analytics and compliance software.
銀行踏足加密領域時，極度依賴區塊鏈分析同合規工具。
Specialized firms like Chainalysis, Elliptic, and CipherTrace provide tools to monitor blockchain transactions and flag illicit activity, helping banks meet anti-money-laundering (AML) rules.
Chainalysis、Elliptic、CipherTrace等專門公司提供方案，監察區塊鏈交易、標記非法活動，協助銀行應對反洗錢（AML）法規。
For example, Chainalysis’s monitoring platform is used by financial institutions to “track flows of cryptocurrency” in real time. These analytics tools map addresses to real-world entities and can detect ransomware, terrorist
例如，Chainalysis監察平台已被金融機構採用，用於實時「追蹤加密貨幣流向」。這類分析工具可以將地址同現實世界實體連繫起來，協助偵測勒索軟件、恐怖分子資金等活動。funding or sanctions evasion. Banks’ AML and fraud departments integrate these platforms to screen client crypto-transfers and on-ramp transactions. As regulators increase crypto oversight, automated compliance systems become essential. JPMorgan and other large banks invest in these analytics tools or partner with fintechs to ensure every crypto trade passes strict KYC/AML checks. In essence, Chainalysis and peers are the plumbing that allows traditional banks to safely enter the digital-asset space, by translating opaque blockchain data into actionable compliance intelligence.
資金流動或制裁規避。銀行的反洗錢（AML）及防詐騙部門會整合這類平台，以篩查客戶加密貨幣轉帳和入金交易。隨著監管機構加強對加密資產的監管，自動化合規系統變得不可或缺。摩根大通（JPMorgan）及其他大型銀行正投資這些數據分析工具，或與金融科技公司合作，確保每一筆加密交易都通過嚴格的KYC/AML審查。簡單來說，Chainalysis及其同類公司正是傳統銀行能夠安全進入數字資產領域的基礎設施，把複雜不透明的區塊鏈數據轉化為可行的合規情報。
Closing Thoughts
Blockchain and cryptocurrencies are poised to reshape financial services, with banks moving beyond experiments to concrete deployments. Major global banks are now running live pilots, from blockchain-based cross-border payments (UBS Digital Cash) to tokenized securities (Swiss digital bonds) and CBDC networks (mBridge/Agora).
區塊鏈同加密貨幣將會重塑金融服務行業，銀行已經唔止停留喺實驗階段，而係逐步落地應用。大型國際銀行而家已經進行緊各種試點專案，包括以區塊鏈為基礎的跨境支付（例如瑞銀 UBS Digital Cash）、代幣化證券（瑞士數碼債券）同央行數碼貨幣（CBDC）網絡（mBridge/Agora）等。
The narrative has shifted: where executives once dismissed blockchain as hype, today they acknowledge its potential to cut costs and improve transparency. Yet adoption remains selective.
氣氛已經有轉變，以前好多銀行高層覺得區塊鏈只係炒作，但而家佢哋都開始認同此技術有潛力幫助削減成本，同提升透明度。不過，銀行取態依然審慎，應用範疇有限。
Banks typically deploy permissioned blockchain solutions in areas like trade finance and cash management (as seen with we.trade, Quorum and R3 projects), rather than relying on public cryptocurrencies. They are also cautious adopters, mindful of regulatory and integration challenges. For now, the industry focus is on “money-legos” that connect legacy systems with new digital rails – in other words, building out hybrid models that combine blockchain’s strengths with existing banking infrastructure.
銀行大多數會選擇部署有權限的區塊鏈解決方案，主要用於貿易金融同資金管理（例如we.trade、Quorum同R3的項目），而唔係利用公有的加密貨幣。佢哋普遍都比較謹慎，亦非常關注監管同系統整合的挑戰。現時行業重點係發展所謂「錢的積木」方案——即係用新數碼基礎設施去連接舊有系統，建立混合模式，結合區塊鏈優勢同傳統銀行架構。
Looking ahead, the blockchain landscape in banking is likely to deepen. As stablecoins and CBDCs mature, banks may handle digital cash just as they do paper currency today, transforming settlement and customer services. Cross-border payment networks are evolving to include tokenized deposits, as 40+ banks demonstrated in the BIS-led trials.
展望未來，區塊鏈喺銀行業的發展將會更加深入。隨著穩定幣同CBDC日趨成熟，銀行好有可能好似處理現金一樣去處理數碼資金，進一步改變結算流程同客戶服務。跨境支付網絡亦開始納入代幣化存款，正如此前BIS（國際清算銀行）主導的試點所示，已有超過40間銀行實地參與。
Analysts predict that as regulatory frameworks solidify, more institutions will integrate tokenization for assets and explore blockchain-based capital markets. The next few years could see banks offering seamless on-chain services – for example, tokenizing mortgages or trade invoices for 24/7 processing. However, banks will continue balancing innovation with caution. The consensus view is that blockchain will gradually supplement, rather than replace, traditional banking rails. As one industry report noted, 2025 could be the year blockchain adoption takes off in earnest, much like the impact seen recently from AI – provided regulators and technologies align favorably. In the meantime, banks will keep piloting and partnering, building the infrastructure to ensure they remain at the center of finance even as the plumbing becomes digital.
分析師就預測，當監管架構更加成熟之後，會有更多機構引入資產代幣化，亦會嘗試以區塊鏈作為資本市場基礎。未來幾年，銀行有機會提供無縫鏈上服務，例如把按揭或貿易發票代幣化，做到全年無休自動處理。不過，銀行都依然會喺創新同謹慎之間取得平衡。大致上，業內共識係區塊鏈會慢慢補足現有系統，而唔係徹底取代傳統銀行基建。正如一份行業報告所指出，2025年有機會成為區塊鏈應用爆發年，情況就好似近年AI所帶來的影響——前提係監管同技術發展方向有利。喺此期間，銀行會繼續試點同合作，建設新基礎設施，確保即使行業「水管」數碼化，都可以穩佔金融核心地位。