區塊鏈原生社交網絡展現出實質的創作者收益及用戶增長，但在突破加密原生社群後的規模化仍面對挑戰。Farcaster 自 2024 年 2 月推出互動「Frames」後，用戶增長達 400%，而 Lens Protocol 截至 2023 年 4 月，通過其變現系統向創作者分發了 342,897 美元。
傳統社交媒體平台從用戶產生內容中擷取巨大利益，卻只給予創作者有限的受眾掌控權、變現渠道或數據可攜性。這種中心化模式帶來多個結構性問題，而去中心化方案正正針對這些痛點而來。
內容擁有權及數據可攜問題：創作者在 YouTube、Instagram、TikTok 等平台累積粉絲時，難以將受眾或內容轉移至其他競爭平台。每個社交圖譜（user 的連結網絡）都被鎖在平台專利生態之內。一旦創作者被封禁、平台政策或算法作出負面更改，多年建立的粉絲群隨時一夜消失。
收入分成失衡：傳統平台往往從廣告拆帳、訂閱費和交易收費中保留 20-50% 創作者收入。YouTube 收取頻道會員 30%，OnlyFans 抽取 20%，Patreon 收費 5-12% 外加支付費用。此外，平台也掌控推薦算法，決定創作者觸及率和潛在收入。
中心化審核局限：企業內容政策常以全球標準套用於各地文化，令某些地區過度審查、其他地方卻審查不足。2024 年反誹謗聯盟報告指出，各大平台於私密空間的內容審核普遍失效，例如 Facebook 難以識別小眾語言中的仇恨言論，視障人士的無障礙工具亦基本無用。
算法操控擔憂：平台算法優化的對象是參與度及廣告收益，而非用戶滿意度或創作者成功。Mozilla 基金會曾指出，推薦系統會放大分化內容、造成過濾氣泡，並為商業目的操縱用戶行為，而非促進社會效益。
去中心化社交的歷史背景：分布式社交的早期嘗試與網絡本身同期出現。上世紀八十年代的 Usenet 新聞組已提供無中心控制的討論場域。2003 年 LiveJournal 推出跨平台 syndication feeds。2010 年誕生的 Diaspora 引入了個人數據伺服器及 pod 聯盟，直接啟發今時今日的 ActivityPub 協議。
然而，區塊鏈出現前這些系統一直受困於身份驗證、垃圾內容預防和經濟可持續性等難題。沒有加密身份或內建支付，早期去中心化網絡未能產生如同中心化平台的網絡效應。
區塊鏈驅動的新模式：區塊鏈技術賦予密碼身份、智能合約及可編程貨幣，催生去中心化社交的新可能。Profile NFT 能作跨應用身份，代幣激勵可推動網絡效應並獎勵早期用戶，可編程支付則帶來中心化平台難以實現的新型創作者變現模式。
技術進步令現代 DeSoc 協議能以務實方式解決業界長期問題，不再僅是理想主義的替代品。
核心技術模型
去中心化社交協議採用多種架構方案，以應對分布式身份、內容儲存及社交互動等基礎挑戰。理解這些技術模型，有助掌握各種去中心化策略的潛力及取捨。
賬戶及身份模型：現代 DeSoc 協議在用戶身份處理上各走極端。Farcaster 採用混合系統，把 Farcaster ID（FID）映射到以太坊地址，可結合密碼學驗證及 ENS 的人類易讀帳號。用戶在 Optimism 上以智能合約註冊身份，每年支付 7 美元作社交數據儲存。
Lens Protocol 採 Profile NFT 模型——每個賬號皆為可交易、可授權，甚至可用於 DeFi 抵押貸款的 ERC-721 代幣。身份真正可攜，用戶將社交圖譜作為數碼資產擁有。2025 推出的 Lens V3 會用上 zkSync 技術之專屬 L2 鏈，降低交易成本至雲端服務水平，同時保留以太坊級安全。
Bluesky 的 AT Protocol 則採用去中心化身份（DID），將身份和資料分開。用戶可像更換電郵服務商般遷移完整社交存在，只需維持同一身份。
內容儲存架構：社交內容儲存於去中心化、效能及成本三者間需作取捨。Farcaster 三層架構把身份註冊放到鏈上，互動資訊則分佈於 Hubs 的點對點網絡。內容透過 gossip 協議，以 CRDT（無衝突複製資料類型）確保網絡一致性。
此方案令互動近乎即時，亦可加密驗證所有內容。但須用戶付費儲存數據，並有 Hubs 運作中心化風險。
Lens Protocol 初期把所有社交數據儲於 Polygon，後來轉型：個人資料與關鍵社交關係保留鏈上，影片圖片等大型內容則存於 IPFS、Arweave 藉鏈上鏈接，而 Grove 新儲存系統將提供去中心化內容寄存，並具 EVM 控管的存取權限。
驗證與聲譽系統：傳統社交倚賴中心藍剔及算法打分建立可信度。DeSoc 協議則實驗密碼學和社群取向的方案。Farcaster 有「Power Badge」制度，依據鏈上條件透明頒發驗證標誌，避免主觀審批。
Lens Protocol 讓聲譽內建於社交圖譜，如 Follow NFT、collect 機制。持續產出有價值內容的用戶，能以協議原生工具變現聲譽，直接增加優質輸出的財務動力。
互操作性基本單元：DeSoc 最雄心壯志的技術目標，就是各社交應用真實可組合。RSS3 提供通用 Social API，整合 Farcaster、Lens、Nostr 等協議內容，助開發者跨社交圖譜構建服務。
新興模式是將身份（passport）、內容（posts）、社交關係（following）拆分成獨立、可攜基本單元，任何兼容應用均可調用。這跟傳統社交平台數據鎖定於專利的做法形成鮮明對比。
審核基本單元：去中心化內容審核必須重新審視由誰訂立內容政策。Bluesky 推出「可堆疊審核」機制，讓用戶結合多套獨立審核服務，根據個人偏好自訂內容過濾，避開單一審查壟斷。
Mastodon 聯盟模型讓每個實例營運者自行決定審查標準，促成多元社區風格，但跨實例協作難度亦因而增加。Lens Protocol 的 CultivatorDAO 則是以代幣投票制定內容政策，是首個 Web3 原生去中心化審核實驗。
擴展性方案：現時 DeSoc 協議頂多應付幾千同時用戶，距離大眾化還需大幅升級。Farcaster 整體規模越大，Hubs 架構面臨同步延遲及資源消耗挑戰。Lens V3 以專用公鏈及零知識證明，揉合效能與安全，務求解決吞吐瓶頸。
去中心化與效能的根本矛盾未完全解決，各協議取態不同。如 Nostr 捨棄部分用戶體驗以換取抗審查力，Bluesky 則偏向效能，或以去中心化為代價。
協議深度解析
Farcaster：混合式架構與 Frame 創新
Farcaster 由前 Coinbase 高管 Dan Romero 與 Varun Srinivasan 創辦，二人見證加密社群圍繞 Twitter、Discord 組織後，洞察區塊鏈賦能社交網絡的潛力。Farcaster 於 2021 年誕生，2024 年 5 月完成 1.5 億美元 A 輪達獨角獸估值，在技術創新上已成 DeSoc 領頭羊。
該協議的「足夠去中心化」架構是對純去中心化與用戶體驗的務實折衷。身份註冊透過部署在 Optimism 的智能合約上鏈，建立 cryptographically verifiable user identities. However, social interactions happen off-chain through a distributed network of Hubs that use gossip protocols to maintain consistency.
密碼學驗證的用戶身份。不過，社交互動係喺鏈外進行，透過一個分散式Hub網絡，用gossip協議去維持一致性。
Technical architecture highlights: Farcaster IDs map to Ethereum addresses, enabling seamless integration with the broader crypto ecosystem. Users pay annual storage fees - recently increased from $5 to $7 per year - covering 5,000 casts, 2,500 reactions, and 2,500 followers. The protocol automatically prunes oldest content when limits are exceeded, creating economic incentives for quality over quantity.
技術架構重點：Farcaster ID會對應Ethereum地址，令佢可以無縫接軌更大範圍嘅加密貨幣生態圈。用戶要畀每年儲存費，最近由$5加到$7一年，包5,000個cast、2,500個reaction同2,500個followers。協議會自動當超過限制時刪除最舊內容，鼓勵用戶追求質素多過數量。
The revolutionary Frames feature, launched January 26, 2024, transforms social posts into interactive applications. Users can mint NFTs, participate in polls, place trades, or join DAOs without leaving their social feed. This innovation drove 400% user growth within one week, demonstrating significant pent-up demand for more interactive social experiences.
「Frames」革命性功能於2024年1月26日推出，將社交帖文變成可互動應用。用戶可以唔使離開社交feed就鑄造NFT、參加投票、下單交易或者加入DAO。呢個創新帶動用戶數一星期內急升400%，證明互動式社交有大量潛在需求。
Adoption metrics and ecosystem: Daily active users grew from approximately 5,000 in late January 2024 to over 50,000 by September 2024, with peak engagement of 73,700 unique casters in November 2024. The ecosystem includes over 100 applications, from content platforms like Paragraph to specialized tools like Bountycaster for bounty creation.
採用數據及生態圈：每日活躍用戶由2024年1月底大約5,000人增長到2024年9月超過50,000人，2024年11月更錄得73,700名獨立caster高峰。生態圈超過100款應用，包括如Paragraph等內容平台，亦有如Bountycaster等懸賞專用工具。
Warpcast, the flagship client, captures approximately 95% market share but operates independently from the protocol team. This separation ensures Farcaster remains protocol-neutral while enabling rapid product iteration.
主力客戶端Warpcast佔據大約95%市場份額，但運作上同協議團隊分開。呢個分離令Farcaster可以保持中立，亦方便產品快速迭代。
Economic model and community tokens: Rather than issuing a native protocol token, Farcaster generates revenue through storage fees and transaction costs. The organic emergence of $DEGEN as a community tipping token demonstrates how crypto-native social networks can develop economic systems bottom-up rather than top-down.
經濟模式與社群代幣：Farcaster冇發行原生協議代幣，而係透過儲存費同交易費賺錢。$DEGEN自然成為社群打賞代幣，展示加密原生社交網絡如何可以由下而上建立經濟系統，而唔係由上而下。
$DEGEN launched in January 2024 from the /degen channel and achieved a market capitalization exceeding $120 million by August 2025. With 70% community allocation and 1% annual inflation starting in 2028, $DEGEN represents one of the most successful community-driven token experiments in social media.
$DEGEN於2024年1月喺/degen頻道推出，至2025年8月市值高達$1.2億。70%分配比社群，2028年起每年1%通脹。$DEGEN係其中一個最成功、由社群主導嘅社交媒體代幣實驗。
Lens Protocol: NFT-native social graph
Created by Stani Kulechov and the Aave team, Lens Protocol represents the most ambitious attempt to make social graphs truly portable and financializable. Every profile exists as an ERC-721 NFT that users can trade, delegate, or use as collateral, fundamentally reimagining social media as user-owned infrastructure.
由Stani Kulechov同Aave團隊創建，Lens Protocol係現時最有野心去做到社交關係圖可攜同可金融化嘅協議。每個Profile都係一個ERC-721 NFT，用戶可以交易、授權或者當抵押品，從根本上重新定義咗社交媒體為用戶擁有嘅基建。
Evolution through versions: Lens V1, launched in 2022, established the basic NFT profile system on Polygon. Version 2, announced at EthCC Paris in July 2023, introduced Open Actions that enable any smart contract to be triggered directly from social posts. Users can mint NFTs, join DAOs, or execute DeFi transactions without leaving their social feed.
演進版本：Lens V1於2022年喺Polygon啟動咗基本NFT profile系統。V2喺2023年7月EthCC巴黎宣佈，引入Open Actions，容許任何智能合約可喺社交貼文直接觸發。用戶可以唔使離開社交feed就鑄NFT、參加DAO或做DeFi交易。
Lens V3, entering developer preview in November 2024, represents a complete architectural overhaul. The protocol launches its own Layer 2 blockchain using zkSync technology with Avail for data availability, reducing transaction costs to cloud server levels while maintaining Ethereum security. This enables mainstream applications to absorb gas costs, removing a major adoption barrier.
Lens V3喺2024年11月進入開發者預覽，係一次徹底架構大革新。協議會用zkSync技術結合Avail數據可用性，推出自己Layer 2區塊鏈，令交易費用降至雲伺服器水平同時保留Ethereum安全性。主流應用可以幫用戶吸收gas費，清除主要普及障礙。
Creator monetization leadership: Lens has generated the most creator revenue of any DeSoc protocol, with $342,897 paid to creators through its "collect" system as of April 2023. Revenue concentration remains high - 66.8% went to the top three profiles - but the absolute amounts demonstrate viable creator economics.
創作者營收領先：Lens係所有DeSoc協議入面俾咗最多創作者收益，截至2023年4月已經透過「collect」系統向創作者派咗$342,897。收益主要集中，三個最受歡迎profile分到66.8%，但金額證明創作者生態有得做。
Pussy Riot member Nadya Tolokonnikova earned approximately $92,000 through just three posts, with individual collects priced at 2-20 MATIC tokens. This proves that crypto-native audiences will pay substantially more for content access than traditional social media monetization provides.
Pussy Riot成員Nadya Tolokonnikova只用三個post就賺咗約$92,000，每個collect收2至20粒MATIC。證明加密原生用戶肯畀多幾倍錢買內容，唔同傳統社交平台嘅收費邏輯。
Technical innovation focus: The upcoming Grove storage system provides decentralized content hosting with EVM-controlled access permissions. Social Primitives in V3 create modular systems for Accounts, Usernames, Graphs, Feeds, and Groups that other applications can compose and extend.
技術創新重點：即將推出嘅Grove儲存系統支援分散式內容寄存，同時EVM控制存取權限。V3新嘅Social Primitives提供Account、Username、Graph、Feed、Group等模組，便於第三方組合、擴展。
Lens Improvement Proposals (LIPs), launched in June 2023, establish community-driven governance similar to Ethereum EIPs. This enables protocol evolution through rough consensus rather than top-down control, crucial for maintaining legitimacy as a public good.
Lens改進方案（LIP）於2023年6月上線，建立類似Ethereum EIP嘅社群主導治理。協議演進唔靠集權指令，而係靠共識，非常重要以維持公共性同正當性。
Ecosystem applications: Over 200 applications have built on Lens Protocol, ranging from Hey.xyz (the largest client) to specialized platforms like LensTube for video and Orb for visual content. The diversity of applications demonstrates the composability benefits of NFT-based social graphs.
生態應用：現時超過200個應用建基於Lens協議，包括最大客戶端Hey.xyz，亦有如LensTube（影片）同Orb（視覺內容）等專用平台。多元應用證明用NFT去做社交關係圖有高度可組合性。
Bluesky: algorithmic choice and federated scaling
Bluesky began as a Twitter-funded research project exploring decentralized social media alternatives but evolved into an independent company after Elon Musk's acquisition of Twitter. The AT Protocol underlying Bluesky offers the most Twitter-like user experience among DeSoc alternatives while introducing innovative approaches to algorithmic choice and content moderation.
Bluesky最初由Twitter出資做去中心化社交媒體研究，但Elon Musk收購Twitter後就變成獨立公司。佢用AT Protocol，喺所有DeSoc選擇中用戶體驗最接近Twitter，而且引入咗創新既演算法選擇同內容審查做法。
Technical differentiation: Bluesky separates data storage (Personal Data Servers), content aggregation (Relays/Big Graph Services), and content presentation (App Views) into distinct services. This modular architecture enables users to switch between different algorithmic feeds, moderation services, and interface options without changing their underlying identity or social connections.
技術分工：Bluesky將數據儲存（Personal Data Servers）、內容集合（Relays／Big Graph Services）、內容顯示（App Views）分成獨立服務。模組化架構令用戶可以唔使轉自己身份或社交網絡之下，就隨意切換唔同演算法、審查服務同UI介面。
The protocol's most innovative feature is the "marketplace of algorithms" where users can choose from multiple feed algorithms created by different developers. This breaks the monopoly that traditional platforms hold over content ranking and discovery.
協議最大創新係「演算法市集」，用戶可揀唔同開發者設計嘅feed演算法。打破傳統平台壟斷內容排序同發現。
Explosive growth trajectory: User growth demonstrates significant market demand for Twitter alternatives. From 1 million users in September 2023, Bluesky reached 4 million by February 2024, 10 million by September 2024, 25 million by December 2024, and over 27 million by January 2025.
爆發性增長：用戶增長顯示市場有好大需求搵Twitter代替品。由2023年9月100萬，增長到2024年2月400萬、2024年9月有1,000萬、12月去到2,500萬，2025年1月更超越2,700萬用戶。
This growth accelerated during major Twitter policy changes and the brief Brazil ban, when Bluesky gained 2.6 million users (85% from Brazil) within days. Such event-driven adoption suggests significant pent-up demand for Twitter alternatives.
遇到Twitter重大政策變動同巴西短暫封禁期間，Bluesky幾日內狂增260萬用戶（85%來自巴西）。顯示事件驅動之下，Twitter代替方案有好大潛在需求。
Content moderation innovation: Bluesky's "stackable moderation" represents the most sophisticated approach to decentralized content governance. Users can layer multiple independent labeling services, creating personalized content filtering without relying on single centralized policies.
內容審查創新：Bluesky嘅「可疊加審查」係去中心化內容管理最先進做法。用戶可組合多個獨立標籤服務，唔洗靠單一政策，做出個人化內容過濾。
The Ozone collaborative moderation tool, released as open source in 2024, processed 6.48 million reports with a team of 100 moderators working 24/7. This demonstrates scalable community-driven moderation that could compete with corporate approaches.
2024年開源協作審查工具Ozone，100人團隊、全年無休，處理咗648萬條舉報。證明社群驅動審查可以擴展，有潛力同企業制衡。
Alternative protocols: specialized approaches
Nostr's radical simplicity: Notes and Other Stuff Transmitted by Relays (Nostr) pursues maximum censorship resistance through radical architectural simplicity. Users create cryptographic identities without registration requirements, and content spreads through WebSocket-based relays with no central coordination.
Nostr極簡主義：「Notes and Other Stuff Transmitted by Relays」（Nostr）用最簡架構去追求最強抗審查性。用戶無需註冊，直接創建加密身份，內容透過WebSocket中繼站分發，無任何中央協調。
Nostr's Lightning Network integration enables instant micropayments called "Zaps" that provide immediate creator monetization. While the user base remains smaller than other protocols, Nostr's resistance to shutdown or control makes it valuable for users facing censorship in authoritarian contexts.
Nostr結合Lightning Network，做到即時小額付款「Zaps」，即刻回報創作者。雖然用戶基礎細過其他協議，但難以被關閉或管控，對受威權審查地區用戶具重大吸引力。
DeSo's social-optimized blockchain: DeSo represents the only Layer 1 blockchain designed specifically for social media applications. With storage costs 1/10,000th that of Ethereum and features like creator coins and social NFTs built into the protocol layer, DeSo enables applications that would be economically impossible on general-purpose blockchains.
DeSo社交優化區塊鏈：DeSo係唯一專為社交媒體設計嘅Layer 1區塊鏈。存儲成本僅Ethereum一萬分之一，並直接支援創作者幣、社交NFT等功能，令普通區塊鏈做唔到嘅經濟模式成真。
The platform supports over 100 applications and recently transitioned to a Revolution Proof-of-Stake consensus mechanism offering 20% staking rewards. However, adoption remains limited compared to protocols building on established blockchains.
平台有超過100款應用，最近採用「Revolution Proof-of-Stake」共識，提供20%質押回報。但相比建基於主流區塊鏈嘅協議，普及度仍然有限。
Mastodon's federated maturity: As the oldest and most established alternative social protocol, Mastodon's ActivityPub federation has reached over 11.7 million active users globally. The protocol benefits from corporate adoption by Meta (Threads), Ghost, and Flipboard, creating network effects that pure crypto protocols currently lack.
Mastodon聯邦級成熟：Mastodon係最早、最成熟替代社交協議。佢的ActivityPub聯邦覆蓋全球1170萬活躍用戶，並得到Meta（Threads）、Ghost、Flipboard等大企業使用，產生網絡效應，呢點純加密協議暫時仲未做到。
Mastodon's server covenant system successfully filters problematic instances while enabling diverse community standards. However, the requirement for technical expertise to operate instances limits democratic participation in network governance.
Mastodon嘅server covenant系統成功過濾問題伺服器，亦允許唔同社群有自己標準。不過管理伺服器需要技術知識，令民主參與網絡治理有難度。
Creator monetization and economic models
Decentralized social media protocols have pioneered monetization models that offer creators higher revenue shares, novel income streams, and direct audience relationships impossible on traditional platforms. Real-world revenue data demonstrates these models work for crypto-native audiences, though mainstream adoption faces significant barriers.
去中心化社交媒體協議創新咗多種創作者變現模式，俾創作者更高分成、新收入模式，同粉絲直接互動，係傳統平台做唔到。實際收入數據證明加密原生用戶玩得掂，但普及到大眾仲有障礙。
Direct tipping and micropayments: The simplest DeSoc monetization mechanism enables direct peer-to-peer payments without platform intermediaries. Lens Protocol creators earned an average of $1,300 monthly among top performers operating within a 300,000-user network as of April 2024. This compares favorably to traditional platforms where similar-sized creators typically earn far less.
直接打賞同小額付款：最入門嘅DeSoc變現方式就係唔經平台，直接同用戶對用戶打賞。同2024年4月，Lens Protocol頭幾名創作者（網絡約30萬人）平均每月賺$1,300，比傳統同規模平台高得多。
Nostr's Lightning integration provides instant micropayments called "Zaps" that cost fractions of cents to send. This enables new monetization models like pay-per-view articles or per-minute video payments that would be impossible with traditional payment systems.
Nostr接入Lightning，讓用戶即時用「Zaps」發送每次幾分一毫小額付款。可以做到傳統收費系統做唔到嘅「按觀看付費」文章，甚至「按分鐘收費」短片。
Social tokenization breakthroughs: Friend.tech's "keys" system represents the most financially successful social tokenization experiment to date. The platform generated $20+ million in total revenue within two months, with $18.4 million distributed
社交代幣化突破：Friend.tech嘅「keys」系統係目前最成功嘅社交代幣化實驗之一，平台兩個月入帳已經超過$2,000萬，其中$1,840萬直接派咗……directly to creators. Top creator @Cobie earned over $440,000 individually, demonstrating that social tokens can create substantial income for popular creators.
→ 直接支付給創作者。頂尖創作者 @Cobie 單靠個人就賺取了超過 44 萬美元，證明了社交代幣能為受歡迎的創作者創造可觀的收入。
The bonding curve mechanism automatically adjusts key prices based on demand, creating market-driven creator valuations. However, the system also enabled sophisticated trading bots to capture 34% of creator revenue ($5.9 million), highlighting challenges around financial speculation versus genuine community building.
→ Bonding curve 機制會根據需求自動調整 key 價格，從而建立市場驅動的創作者估值。但這套系統同時令高級交易機械人捕捉了 34% 的創作者收入（合共 590 萬美元），突顯金融投機與真正建立社群之間的挑戰。
NFT-based content monetization: Lens Protocol's collect system transforms social posts into tradeable NFTs, creating secondary markets for social content. 93% of the platform's $5.54 million total revenue came from Profile NFT sales, with individual posts selling for hundreds or thousands of dollars.
→ 基於 NFT 的內容變現：Lens Protocol 的 collect 系統會將社交帖文轉化成可交易的 NFT，為社交內容創造二手市場。平台 554 萬美元的總收入中，有 93% 來自 Profile NFT 銷售，部分獨立帖文更以數百至數千美元成交。
Pussy Riot's Nadya Tolokonnikova earned approximately $92,000 from just three posts, with collect prices ranging from 2-20 MATIC tokens. One post generated roughly $25,000 from only 145 collects, demonstrating premium pricing power for high-quality content.
→ Pussy Riot 成員 Nadya Tolokonnikova 憑三個帖文就賺到大約 9.2 萬美元，collect 價格介乎 2 至 20 枚 MATIC 代幣。當中一篇帖文僅憑 145 次 collect 就收入約 2.5 萬美元，證明高質內容具有溢價能力。
Subscription and membership models: Token-gated communities enable creators to offer exclusive content access through NFT ownership or token holdings. This creates direct subscription relationships without platform intermediaries taking revenue cuts.
→ 訂閱與會員模式：Token-gated 社群讓創作者透過 NFT 擁有權或持幣資格，提供獨家內容存取權 — 建立直接訂閱關係，無需平台中介分成。
Only1, built on Solana, offers creator staking pools with APY starting at 300% based on creator activity levels. Both creators and Genesis NFT owners earn percentages of Total Value Locked, aligning incentives between creators and their most invested community members.
→ Only1，建基於 Solana，為創作者設有押注池（staking pool），回報率按創作活躍程度由 300% 起跳。創作者和 Genesis NFT 持有人都能就總鎖定價值（TVL）分成，將創作者與最投入的社群成員利益綁定。
DAO patronage systems: Decentralized Autonomous Organizations provide new models for community funding of creators and projects. ConstitutionDAO demonstrated the power of collective fundraising by raising $47 million from over 17,000 contributors, though it ultimately failed to purchase the US Constitution.
→ DAO 贊助機制：去中心化自治組織（DAO）為社群資助創作者及專案帶來新模式。ConstitutionDAO 就集合逾 17,000 人籌集 4,700 萬美元，充分展現集體眾籌威力，雖然最終未能成功購買美國憲法原本。
Gitcoin Grants has distributed over $50 million to open source projects through quadratic funding mechanisms that amplify small donations for public goods. This model could extend to social content creation, rewarding creators for producing valuable community resources.
→ Gitcoin Grants 已經透過二次方資助機制，將超過 5,000 萬美元分配到開源項目，鼓勵小額捐款支持公共產品。這種模式有潛力擴展到社交內容創作，獎勵那些為社群貢獻有價值資源的創作者。
Revenue share comparisons: DeSoc platforms typically offer creators 95%+ of revenue compared to 50-88% on traditional platforms. YouTube takes 30% of creator revenue, OnlyFans claims 20%, and Patreon charges 5-12% plus payment processing fees. Lower take rates alone provide compelling economic incentives for creator migration.
→ 收入分成比較：DeSoc 平台一般讓創作者保留 95% 以上收益，而傳統平台只佔 50-88%。YouTube 收取創作者 30% 收入，OnlyFans 為 20%，Patreon 收 5-12% 加支付手續費。光是低抽成已為創作者遷移提供強大經濟誘因。
Challenges and adoption barriers: Despite promising revenue models, creator adoption faces significant challenges. Wallet setup complexity creates friction for creators unfamiliar with crypto. Network effects remain limited - Farcaster's 50,000 daily active users pale compared to billions on traditional platforms.
→ 挑戰及採納障礙：儘管收入模式有吸引力，創作者採用仍面對不少困難。加密錢包設定複雜，對不熟悉加密貨幣的創作者造成阻力。網絡效應有限 — Farcaster 日活躍用戶僅五萬，遠不及傳統社交平台的幾十億人。
User experience gaps persist across most DeSoc platforms. Complex mental models around tokens, NFTs, and DAOs create learning curves that prevent mainstream creator adoption. Limited mobile app availability further restricts audience growth.
→ 大部分 DeSoc 平台用戶體驗仍有明顯不足。對於 token、NFT 和 DAO 的複雜概念，拉高了新手學習門檻，令主流創作者卻步。流動應用程式供應有限，更限制了受眾增長。
Working versus theoretical models: Revenue data proves that direct tipping, social tokens, and NFT collectibles work for crypto-native audiences willing to pay premium prices for content access and creator support. However, these models struggle to achieve the scale and simplicity that mainstream creators require.
→ 現實模式與理論對照：收入數據證明，直接打賞、社交代幣、NFT 收藏品在願意為內容支付溢價的加密原生用戶群有成效。但這些模式條件仍難以配合主流創作者對規模與簡易性的需求。
The most successful monetization typically combines multiple revenue streams - Lens creators might earn through collects, Profile NFT appreciation, and subscription access simultaneously. This diversification helps creators optimize income but increases complexity for both creators and audiences.
→ 最成功的變現方法多數結合多條收入渠道——例如 Lens 的創作者可以同時靠 collect、Profile NFT 升值及訂閱取收入。這種多元化有助創作者提升總收入，但也令創作者和用戶都要面對更多操作複雜性。
Looking forward, the most successful DeSoc platforms will likely abstract away crypto complexity while maintaining the economic benefits of direct creator-audience relationships. Platforms that achieve this balance could capture significant market share from traditional social media incumbents.
→ 展望未來，最成功的 DeSoc 平台很可能會將加密相關複雜性隱藏起來，同時保留創作者與受眾直接經濟連結的優勢。能夠做好這種平衡的平台，有望從傳統社交媒體巨頭手中搶佔可觀市佔率。
Adoption and metrics: what growth looks like
Measuring adoption across decentralized social media protocols requires navigating significant data quality challenges while identifying meaningful trends that indicate genuine user adoption versus speculative activity. The metrics paint a picture of rapid early-stage growth with meaningful engagement, though still far from mainstream scale.
→ ## 採用情況與數據：增長是甚麼模樣
衡量去中心化社交協議的採用度，需要處理不少數據質素難題，同時找出能分辨真實用戶採用或純投機行為的關鍵趨勢。現時數字顯示協議在初期階段增長迅速且有一定互動，但仍遠未觸及主流規模。
Cross-protocol user adoption: Aggregate adoption across all major DeSoc protocols reached approximately 10+ million daily active users as of July 2024, with Bluesky accounting for the largest share. However, direct comparisons between protocols prove difficult due to varying measurement methodologies and potential user overlap.
→ 跨協議用戶採用情況：到 2024 年 7 月，主要 DeSoc 協議的日活躍用戶總數約為 1,000 萬以上，以 Bluesky 佔最大份額。但由於計算方法不同及用戶重疊，難以直接比較各協議。
Farcaster demonstrates the highest engagement intensity per user, with 29 engagements per user monthly compared to Lens Protocol's 12 engagements per user monthly as of October 2024. This suggests Farcaster users are more actively participating in social interactions, though Lens maintains approximately 8x more total users.
→ Farcaster 用戶每月平均 29 次互動，為單一用戶互動密度最高，Lens Protocol 則為每月 12 次（2024年10月數據）。即 Farcaster 用戶更常參與社交互動，但 Lens 的總用戶數約為 Farcaster 的 8 倍。
On-chain versus off-chain indicators: On-chain metrics provide the highest confidence data points due to cryptographic verifiability. Farcaster generated 611.03 ETH in protocol revenue through verifiable smart contract transactions, with peak daily volume reaching $47,990 on February 5, 2024.
→ 鏈上與鏈下數據指標：鏈上數據由加密保證，最值得信賴。Farcaster 以智能合約實現協議收入 611.03 ETH，2024年2月5日單日高峰收入達 47,990 美元。
Lens Protocol's on-chain transaction volume is more difficult to track due to gasless transactions and Layer 2 implementation, but the platform facilitated over 10 million gasless transactions as of 2024. The shift to custom blockchain infrastructure with Lens V3 should improve metrics transparency.
→ Lens Protocol 採用免 gas 和 Layer 2 設計令鏈上交易量難以追蹤，但截至 2024 年已促成超過 1,000 萬宗免 gas 交易。隨著 Lens V3 採用自家區塊鏈基建，指標透明度預料會提升。
Developer ecosystem indicators: GitHub activity and application development provide leading indicators of protocol health and future user adoption. Farcaster maintains 21 core repositories with active specification updates, while the ecosystem includes 100+ applications according to the awesome-farcaster-dev directory.
→ 開發生態指標：GitHub 活躍度和應用開發數是協議活力及未來用戶增長的前瞻指標。Farcaster 維持 21 個核心代碼庫並持續更新標準，官方目錄列出超過 100 款相關應用。
Lens Protocol supports over 200 applications spanning social media clients, analytics tools, and specialized platforms. The diversity of applications built on Lens demonstrates developer confidence in the protocol's long-term viability and technical capabilities.
→ Lens Protocol 支援逾 200 款應用，橫跨社交客戶端、分析工具及專用平台。這反映開發者對 Lens 的可擴展性及技術前景充滿信心。
Geographic distribution patterns: Bluesky shows the clearest geographic adoption patterns, with Brazil representing 22.52% of users (the largest single country) following the temporary X ban. This event-driven adoption demonstrates how regulatory actions can accelerate DeSoc platform growth.
→ 地理分佈：Bluesky 用戶地理分佈最清晰。在 X（前 Twitter）臨時被禁後，巴西用戶佔整體 22.52%，成為最大單一國家。這種事件驅動式增長反映法規行動可大幅推動 DeSoc 平台普及。
North American and European crypto-native communities dominate adoption across most protocols, limiting global reach. Language barriers, infrastructure requirements, and crypto familiarity create adoption challenges in developing markets despite high interest in emerging technologies.
→ 北美及歐洲加密原生社群主導大多數協議採用情況，令全球覆蓋率受限。語言障礙、基建要求和加密知識門檻，即使發展中國家對新科技很有興趣，亦難以廣泛採納。
Creator and enterprise adoption: Institutional adoption remains limited but shows promising early signals. ESPN and Politico have explored content curation applications built on DeSo blockchain, though widespread enterprise adoption awaits clearer regulatory frameworks and improved user experience.
→ 創作者及企業採用：企業採納現階段仍有限，但初步現象理想。ESPN 和 Politico 曾經試驗以 DeSo 區塊鏈為基礎的內容策展應用，但要大規模推展，仍需更完善的監管及用戶體驗。
Creator migration from traditional platforms occurs primarily among crypto-native influencers rather than mainstream content creators. Boxmining, a crypto YouTuber with 250,000+ subscribers, maintains an active Lens Protocol presence, but few traditional creators have made similar transitions.
→ 傳統平台創作者遷移主要見於加密原生 KOL，主流內容創作者參與仍屬少數。例如加密 YouTuber「Boxmining」擁有逾 25 萬訂閱者，目前在 Lens Protocol 仍然活躍，但轉換的傳統創作者屈指可數。
Growth trajectory analysis: Most DeSoc platforms demonstrate event-driven rather than steady organic growth. Farcaster's 400% user increase following the Frames launch in February 2024 exemplifies this pattern. Similarly, Bluesky gained millions of users during X policy controversies and platform outages.
→ 增長軌跡分析：多數 DeSoc 平台屬事件式增長多於穩定自然擴展。例如 2024 年 2 月 Farcaster 推出 Frames 功能用戶暴增 400%，Bluesky 亦在 X 爭議或平台宕機時吸納數百萬新用戶。
The sustainability of event-driven growth remains uncertain. Farcaster declined from peak engagement of 73,700 daily users to approximately 50,000 by September 2024, suggesting some adoption spikes prove temporary without sustained product innovation.
→ 然而這類事件式增長能否長久，仍有疑問。Farcaster 由截數高峰 73,700 日活躍用戶回落至 2024 年 9 月約 50,000 人，用戶激增若欠持續產品創新，很多時只屬短暫現象。
Data quality assessment: Platform-reported metrics carry significant reliability concerns. User counts may include bot activity, inactive accounts, or duplicate registrations across platforms. The pseudonymous nature of crypto-native social networks complicates traditional analytics approaches.
→ 數據質素評估：平台自行報告的數據普遍信度有限，活躍用戶可能混雜機械人、不活躍賬戶或跨平台重複註冊。加密社交網絡盛行匿名，令傳統分析方法難以奏效。
On-chain transaction data provides higher confidence indicators but doesn't capture all user activities, particularly on hybrid architectures like Farcaster where social interactions occur off-chain. Revenue figures offer the most reliable adoption indicators since they reflect actual economic value creation.
→ 鏈上數據固然較可靠，但未能涵蓋所有用戶操作，尤其是像 Farcaster 這類混合結構平台，部分社交互動發生在鏈外。收入數據反映實際經濟價值，連帶成為最可靠採用指標之一。
Market size context: The decentralized social media market is projected to grow from $9.4 billion in 2024 to $61.8 billion by 2034, representing a 20.6% compound annual growth rate. However, current DeSoc protocols represent tiny fractions of this projected market size.
→ 市場規模背景：預計去中心化社交媒體市場規模將由 2024 年的 94 億美元增長至 2034 年的 618 億美元，複合年增長率達 20.6%。惟現時 DeSoc 協議佔市場規模僅為滄海一粟。
Traditional social media provides scale comparison points - Facebook maintains 3 billion users, YouTube serves 2.5 billion, and TikTok reaches 1.5 billion. DeSoc protocols must achieve multiple orders of magnitude growth to compete meaningfully with incumbents.
→ 傳統社交媒體可作對比——Facebook 用戶 30 億，YouTube 25 億，TikTok 15 億。DeSoc 協議要能真正挑戰行業巨頭，必須實現數十倍、甚至上百倍增長。
Key performance indicators: The most meaningful adoption metrics combine user growth, engagement intensity, developer activity, and economic value creation. Protocols showing strength across multiple indicators - like Farcaster's high engagement and Lens's creator revenue - demonstrate more sustainable adoption than single-metric leaders.
→ 重要表現指標：最有參考價值的採用指標，須結合用戶增長、活躍度、開發者動態和經濟價值。多項指標兼備的平台（如 Farcaster 的高互動率、Lens 的創作者收入），相對只在單一指標領先者，更易達致可持續發展。
Revenue per user emerges as a critical differentiator. Lens Protocol users pay an average of $38 monthly for content as of April 2024, compared to traditional social media where advertising revenue per user typically ranges from $1-10 monthly. Higher monetization rates could enable DeSoc platforms to compete effectively despite smaller user bases.
→ 用戶單價成為關鍵分野。截至 2024 年 4 月，Lens Protocol 用戶平均每月為內容支付 38 美元，而傳統社交媒體每月單一用戶廣告收入一般只得 1-10 美元。較高的變現潛力，會令 DeSoc 平台即使客群細小，亦有更強競爭力。
Content moderation, safety and governance
Decentralized social media protocols face fundamental tensions between censorship resistance and community safety, requiring innovative approaches to content governance that traditional
→ ## 內容審查、安全與治理
去中心化社交協議本質上要在反審查與社群安全之間取平衡，這需要比傳統平台…（未完）platforms resolved through centralized corporate policies. The solutions emerging from this space could reshape how online communities manage harmful content while preserving free expression.
由公司集中政策解決的平台。這個領域出現的解決方案，有可能徹底改變網上社區管理有害內容的方式，同時保障言論自由。
Stackable moderation innovations: Bluesky's approach to content moderation represents the most sophisticated technical solution to date. The platform's open labeling system allows anyone to create moderation services that users can layer on top of built-in platform moderation. Users might combine Bluesky's baseline safety filters with community-specific moderation for gaming content and an academic institution's guidelines for educational discussions.
疊加式審查創新：Bluesky在內容審查方面的做法，可說是目前最先進的技術方案。這個平台的開放標籤系統，容許任何人創立審查服務，讓用戶可以將這些服務層層疊加在平台原有的審查功能之上。例如用戶可以將Bluesky的基本安全過濾配合針對遊戲內容的社群審查，及學術機構針對教育討論的指引一同應用。
This architecture processed 6.48 million reports in 2024 with a distributed team of 100 moderators working around the clock. Automated systems achieve 99.90% labeling accuracy, demonstrating that community-driven moderation can achieve quality comparable to corporate systems while maintaining user choice and decentralization.
這個架構在2024年處理了648萬宗舉報，有100人組成的分布式審查團隊日以繼夜工作。自動化系統達到99.90%標籤準確率，證明以社群為本的審查不但能提供媲美公司系統的質素，亦可保留用戶選擇權和去中心化。
Federated governance challenges: Mastodon's instance-based moderation creates diverse community standards but complicates cross-platform coordination. The platform requires server operators to commit to "active moderation against racism, sexism and transphobia" for official listing, but enforcement varies widely across the 40+ instances in the federation.
聯邦式治理的挑戰：Mastodon 以實例為單位的審查方式，帶來多元的社群標準，但加劇了跨平台協調的複雜度。平台規定伺服器營運者必須承諾「積極審查反對種族主義、性別歧視及恐跨」才能獲官方列名，但在40多個實例之間的執行效果卻極為參差。
The #fediblock hashtag enables community-driven instance blocking, creating organic reputation systems for server operators. However, this approach can lead to fragmentation when instances preemptively block emerging platforms like Threads due to policy disagreements rather than content problems.
#fediblock 標籤令社群可以自主封鎖其他實例，自然而然為伺服器營運者建立起信譽評級系統。不過，這種方式有時因政策分歧（而非內容問題）導致部分實例預先封鎖新平台如 Threads，容易出現碎片化局面。
DAO-based content governance: Lens Protocol's CultivatorDAO experiment represents the first Web3-native approach to decentralized content moderation. Follow NFT holders can participate in governance decisions about content policies, creating token-weighted voting on moderation standards.
DAO 內容治理：Lens Protocol 的 CultivatorDAO 實驗，是首個原生於 Web3 的去中心化內容審查方案。持有 Follow NFT 用戶可參與內容政策治理決策，按持有代幣權重對審查標準進行投票。
Early results show promise but also highlight the challenges of democratic content governance. Token concentration among early adopters can create plutocratic rather than democratic decision-making. The 76.2% of voting power held by the top 10% of active voters in major DAOs suggests that token-based governance may not achieve the democratic participation originally envisioned.
初步結果顯示這方法有潛力，但亦暴露民主內容治理的困難。早期用戶積聚大量代幣，導致決策趨向財閥化，而非真正民主。例如大型 DAO 裡，頭10%活躍投票者擁有76.2%的投票權，反映基於代幣的治理或未能實現當初設想的大眾參與。
Cross-protocol moderation challenges: Content that crosses protocol boundaries creates enforcement nightmares. RSS3's Social API enables cross-platform content sharing, but when a post violates policies on one protocol while remaining acceptable on another, coordinated response becomes nearly impossible.
跨協議審查難題：內容跨越協議邊界，會令執法變得極困難。RSS3 的 Social API 支援跨平台內容發佈，但假如同一帖文在某協議違規，卻於另一協議合規，協調一致的處理幾乎不可能。
Bridge technologies like Bridgy Fed that connect ActivityPub and AT Protocol networks further complicate moderation by enabling content to flow between platforms with different community standards and technical capabilities.
橋接技術如 Bridgy Fed，將 ActivityPub 和 AT Protocol 連接，內容可在擁有不同社群標準和技術能力的平台間流通，令審查進一步複雜化。
Legal liability evolution: The regulatory landscape for decentralized platforms remains uncertain as courts and legislators grapple with distributed responsibility models. Section 230 protections traditionally applied to neutral intermediaries may not extend to platforms that enable algorithmic content amplification or facilitate direct monetization.
法律責任的演變：去中心化平台的監管環境仍具極大不確定性，因為法院和立法機構須適應分布式責任模式。傳統上，230條款為中立中介者提供法律保護，未必適用於利用演算法加強內容傳播或推動直接盈利的平台。
The Third Circuit's Anderson v. TikTok ruling excluded algorithmic recommendations from Section 230 immunity, potentially creating liability for DeSoc platforms that implement sophisticated feed algorithms. As AI-recommended content constitutes 30% of Facebook and 50% of Instagram content, similar liability could affect protocols implementing AI-driven discovery features.
美國第三巡迴法院在 Anderson v. TikTok 案判決，否定將演算法推薦納入230條款保護，意味著採用先進演算法推播的 DeSoc 平台可能因此承擔責任。而 AI 推薦內容已佔Facebook 30%及Instagram 50%，推行 AI 探索功能的協議同樣可能面臨類近法律風險。
EU Digital Services Act compliance: The European Union's Digital Services Act, fully enforced since February 17, 2024, creates compliance challenges for global DeSoc platforms. The 25 platforms designated as Very Large Online Platforms face enhanced transparency, risk assessment, and content moderation obligations.
歐盟《數碼服務法》遵從問題：歐盟《數碼服務法》自2024年2月17日全面實施，為全球 DeSoc 平台帶來合規難題。被列為非常大型網絡平台的25個平台，要履行更高透明度、風險評估及內容審查責任。
X (formerly Twitter) became the first platform investigated under the DSA for content moderation failures, demonstrating that distributed platforms cannot escape regulatory scrutiny simply by decentralizing infrastructure. DeSoc protocols serving EU users must develop compliance frameworks despite their distributed nature.
X（前稱Twitter）成為首個因審查失誤被 DSA 調查的平台，顯示單靠去中心化架構不足以逃避監管審查。服務歐盟用戶的 DeSoc 協議，縱使分布式運作，亦必須制定合規方案。
Child safety and illegal content: All social platforms face zero-tolerance requirements for child sexual abuse material (CSAM) and other illegal content. Bluesky reported 1,154 CSAM reports to the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children in 2024, demonstrating that decentralized platforms can implement legally required safety measures.
兒童保護與非法內容：所有社交平台均須對兒童色情（CSAM）和其他非法內容實行零容忍政策。Bluesky 於2024年向美國失蹤及受剝削兒童國家中心（NCMEC）舉報了一共1,154宗CSAM案例，證明去中心化平台同樣可推行法律要求的安全措施。
However, the distributed nature of DeSoc protocols complicates rapid content removal across all nodes and applications. When illegal content spreads through federated networks or bridge technologies, comprehensive removal requires coordination across multiple independent operators.
然而，DeSoc 協議的分布式設計，令要在所有節點和應用程式中迅速移除非法內容變得更複雜。當非法內容透過聯邦網絡或橋接技術擴散，全面刪除則需多個獨立營運者協調合作。
Governance token concentration: Empirical analysis of major DAOs reveals significant voting power concentration that undermines democratic governance ideals. Research on Compound, Uniswap, and ENS shows large token holders effectively control protocol decisions, while off-chain governance discussions create additional centralization pressures.
治理代幣集中化：對主要 DAO 的實證研究發現，投票權過度集中，破壞了民主治理理念。對 Compound、Uniswap 和 ENS 的研究顯示，大戶實際左右協議決策；而鏈外治理討論亦帶來進一步的集中壓力。
Quadratic voting and delegation systems represent promising approaches to reducing plutocratic dominance, but implementation remains experimental. Optimism Collective's two-house system separating token voting from citizen voting provides one model for balancing different stakeholder interests.
二次方投票和授權制度被視作減輕財閥主導的有望方法，但目前仍屬實驗性階段。Optimism Collective 的兩院制度，將代幣投票和公民投票分開，為平衡不同持份者利益提供了參考範例。
Regulatory recommendations: Policymakers should develop proportionate compliance frameworks that recognize the limited capabilities of small instance operators while maintaining safety requirements. Risk-based regulations that scale requirements with platform size and influence could preserve space for experimental governance models.
監管建議：政策制定者應設計合符比例的合規架構，兼顧小型實例營運者的有限資源，同時保留必要的安全要求。以風險為本，按平台規模和影響力調整監管要求，可保留創新治理模式的空間。
International coordination on content standards becomes essential as DeSoc protocols enable seamless cross-border communication. Harmonized approaches to hate speech, terrorism, and child safety could reduce compliance complexity while respecting cultural differences in free expression standards.
隨著 DeSoc 協議實現無縫跨境溝通，內容標準的國際協調變得十分重要。針對仇恨言論、恐怖主義和兒童安全的統一規範，可減低合規複雜度，同時尊重各地對言論自由的文化差異。
Future governance evolution: The most successful DeSoc governance models will likely combine multiple approaches - algorithmic filtering for clear violations, community voting for gray areas, and professional moderation for illegal content. Rather than replacing human judgment entirely, these systems should augment community decision-making with better tools and information.
未來治理演進：最成功的 DeSoc 治理模式，很可能融合多種方法——對明顯違規事項用演算法自動過濾，灰色地帶則交由社群投票，非法內容再交由專業審查。這些系統不是取代人類判斷，而是用更好的工具和資訊輔助社群決策。
Reputation systems that create portable trust scores across protocols could enable users to build credibility that transfers between applications, creating positive incentives for good behavior while enabling community-driven rather than corporate-driven trust signals.
建立可跨協議攜帶的信譽系統，用戶的信任分數可於不同應用間承傳，既鼓勵良好行為，也可讓社群主導信任指標，而非公司壟斷。
Interoperability and composability
True interoperability represents the holy grail of decentralized social media - enabling users to maintain unified identities and social connections across different applications and protocols. While technical progress toward this goal accelerates, achieving seamless composability faces persistent challenges around protocol compatibility, user experience complexity, and economic incentive alignment.
真正的互通性是去中心化社交媒體的終極目標——令用戶在不同應用和協議下維持統一身份和社交連結。雖然技術進展加快，但要實現無縫組合，仍面對協議兼容性、用戶體驗複雜度和經濟誘因對齊等持續挑戰。
Cross-protocol identity solutions: The most mature interoperability solution involves portable cryptographic identity that works across multiple protocols. Lens Protocol's NFT-based profiles can theoretically be recognized by any application that integrates with Ethereum, creating identity that transcends individual platforms.
跨協議身份方案：最成熟的互通方案涉及可攜式加密身份，可在多個協議間使用。Lens Protocol 基於 NFT 的個人檔案理論上能被所有整合了 Ethereum 的應用識別，實現跨平台的身份認證。
However, practical interoperability requires more than technical compatibility. Social relationships, content history, and reputation scores must also port between applications to create truly portable social experiences. RSS3's Universal Social API represents the most comprehensive attempt to solve this challenge by indexing social activities across Farcaster, Lens, and Nostr protocols through a single interface.
然而，實現互通不應只在技術上兼容，還要能將社交關係、過往內容、信譽分數等資料一併帶到不同應用，方能營造真正可攜的社交體驗。RSS3 的 Universal Social API 是目前最全面的解決嘗試，透過單一介面索引 Farcaster、Lens 和 Nostr 協議的社交活動。
Content portability achievements: When users post content to Lens Protocol, that content becomes available to any application built on the protocol without additional posting or content migration. This creates genuine composability where content created in one application can be discovered, interacted with, and monetized through completely different applications.
內容可攜性的突破：當用戶於 Lens Protocol 發佈內容，該內容無需額外轉發或遷移，即可在所有基於該協議的應用中存取。如此一來，內容在一個應用建立後，可以被其他截然不同的應用發現、互動甚至變現，實現真正的可組合性。
Farcaster's Frame system enables even deeper composability by allowing any application to embed interactive functionality directly within social posts. Users can participate in auctions, join DAOs, or execute trades without leaving their preferred social client, creating seamless integration between social and financial applications.
Farcaster 的 Frame 系統進一步深化了可組合性，任何應用都可將互動功能直接嵌入社交貼文內。用戶無需離開慣用的社交應用，即可參加拍賣、加入 DAO 或執行交易，真正實現社交與金融應用的無縫整合。
Bridge technologies and aggregation: Third-party bridges enable limited interoperability between protocols that weren't designed for compatibility. Bridgy Fed translates between ActivityPub (Mastodon) and AT Protocol (Bluesky), allowing users on either protocol to follow and interact with users on the other.
橋接技術與聚合平台：第三方橋接器，令本身並不兼容的協議間達成有限互通。如 Bridgy Fed 將 ActivityPub（Mastodon）和 AT Protocol（Bluesky）轉換，讓兩邊用戶可以互相關注和互動。
Multi-protocol clients like Openvibe aggregate content from Mastodon, Bluesky, Nostr, and Threads into unified interfaces, providing users with consolidated social experiences without platform switching. These aggregation approaches demonstrate user demand for cross-platform integration even when protocols don't natively support it.
多協議客戶端如 Openvibe，將 Mastodon、Bluesky、Nostr、Threads 等內容統一整理到一個介面，無需切換平台用戶就能體驗整合集成的社交體驗。這些聚合型方案展現了即使協議本身不支援跨平台互通，市場對整合的需求仍然十分強烈。
Economic interoperability challenges: While technical bridges can connect different protocols, economic systems prove harder to integrate. Creator monetization mechanisms, reputation systems, and community currencies remain largely isolated within individual protocol ecosystems.
經濟互通難題：技術橋接雖可連接不同協議，但經濟系統的整合則困難得多。創作者盈利機制、信譽系統及社群貨幣等，大多仍停留在各自協議的獨立生態圈。
Friend.tech's "keys" cannot be used on Lens Protocol, and Lens "collects" have no meaning within Farcaster's economic system. This fragmentation limits creator incentives to maintain presence across multiple protocols and reduces network effects that drive user adoption.
例如 Friend.tech 的「keys」不能於 Lens Protocol 使用，而 Lens 的「collects」在 Farcaster 的經濟系統亦無定義。這種碎片化局面，制約創作者同時於多個協議建立形象的動力，亦減弱推動用戶流轉的網絡效應。
Developer experience implications: Protocol interoperability significantly affects developer incentives and application
開發者體驗啟示：協議互通性對開發者的投入動機及應用開發……（請提供後續內容以完成翻譯）品質。建立於高度可組合協議（如 Lens）之上的應用程式，可以利用現有的社交圖譜、內容和變現基礎設施，毋須從零開始重建這些組件。
這種可組合性讓較小的開發團隊都能建立傳統平台需要大量基建投資才能負擔的複雜社交應用。不過，這亦產生了對協議穩定性以及由開發者無法控制的外部機構所作治理決策的依賴。
用戶體驗複雜度：雖然技術互通性帶來強大功能，但往往以犧牲用戶體驗為代價。用戶若要在多個協議間管理身份，必須理解不同的代幣系統、治理機制和技術概念，而這些在主流社交媒體上多已被隱藏。
最成功的互通方案，很可能會將協議複雜性隱藏在熟悉的用戶介面之下，同時保留可組合性和可攜性的基本優勢。
網絡效應與可組合性：互通性可以透過讓應用程式共用用戶和內容以加速網絡效應，而非爭奪用戶專注力；然而，它亦可能因降低轉換成本以及減少平台綁定，削弱獨立平台達到臨界規模所先天依賴的網絡效應。
在這個生態系統裏，對用戶有利的開放標準，和令業務得以持續盈利的專有功能之間的矛盾，仍然未得到根本解決。
風險與負面因素
去中心化社交媒體協議面臨顯著風險，可能限制其採納、製造新型傷害，或導致監管打壓。坦誠評估這些挑戰，有助了解 DeSoc 替代傳統平台的實際潛力及局限。
垃圾信息與濫用的擴散風險：與中心化平台相比，去中心化網絡往往更難對抗複雜的垃圾信息和濫用運動。內容儲存與審查的分佈式特性，令有心人更容易利用不同攻擊途徑操控言論或傷害用戶。
Nostr 的極度開放允許任何人無需審批便創建身份及轉發內容，但這同時令協議容易受到垃圾信息攻擊，可能癱瘓轉發營運者。Nostr 早期採納時就曾遭遇嚴重垃圾信息挑戰，需要社群自發開發過濾解決方案。
私隱與監控風險：雖然 DeSoc 協議為用戶提供免於企業監控的保障，但同時可能產生新的私隱漏洞。鏈上的社交互動會永久公開，任何人只要有區塊鏈分析工具都可查閱，有機會促成騷擾、起底，甚至政府對異見人士的監控。
Lens Protocol 的公開 NFT 個人檔案，會把社交連結和內容互動永遠展示於鏈上瀏覽工具。用戶不能像傳統平台般隨意刪除社交歷史，這對長遠私隱帶來深遠影響。
用戶體驗與入門複雜度：不斷需要加密錢包、私鑰管理及區塊鏈基礎認知，對主流用戶構成重大障礙。失去私鑰即永久失去社交身份和內容，而傳統的密碼登入制度下並無這個風險。
技術複雜度亦不止於終端用戶，開發者需整合多個協議、處理不同代幣標準，以及管理分佈式基礎設施，才能構建有競爭力的社交體驗。
經濟壟斷與財富集中：儘管宣稱追求民主化，DeSoc 初期的發展反映出與傳統平台相似的財富集中現象。Friend.tech 頂尖 3 位創作者佔據 34.6% 總分成，交易機械人則賺取了創作者總收入的 34%。
基於代幣的治理模式會放大財富集中，令大持有人獲取過大的政治權力。「富豪統治」問題有可能導致協議被富有的個人或組織左右，損害社群利益。
監管打壓風險：當政府受到去中心化平台的挑戰時，或會施行嚴格規限，令 DeSoc 協議變得極難合法運作。中國對加密貨幣的全面封禁，就是管制區塊鏈社交網絡可能採取的參考範例。
許多 DeSoc 協議的假名性質，使「認識你的客戶」（KYC）及反洗黑錢（AML）合規變得複雜，若社交平台同時具備匿名和金融功能，更可能被監管部門針對限制。
技術失效模式：分佈式系統帶來一些中心化平台不存在的新型技術風險。Farcaster 的 Hub 同步問題會造成數據不一致，可能導致內容流失或網絡不同節點上的社交圖譜不一。
協議如 Lens 若智能合約出錯，或會令用戶個人檔案、社交連結或財產受到損害，這些問題往往難以或根本無法復原。區塊鏈特有的不可變性，令一個錯誤就可能造成永久性後果。
社交工程與金融詐騙：當社交網絡與金融原語深度整合時，為複雜詐騙活動提供了溫床。社交代幣及 NFT 基礎的社交功能，讓詐騙分子能以新方式從人際關係中牟利，而這不是傳統平台所方便的。
「Rug pull」事件，即創作者在發行社交代幣後拋棄社群，代表著將社交關係金融化所引發的新型社會詐騙。
抗審查與有害內容之矛盾：抗審查能力與內容安全這對基本矛盾，在大規模應用下或難以調和。能有效抵禦專制審查的協議，同時很難有效移除真正有害如騷擾、仇恨言論或非法內容。
這種矛盾在面向全球、處理不同言論自由標準和法律要求的協議尤其尖銳。
去中心化之下的中心化壓力：即使架構去中心化，經濟和技術上往往令 DeSoc 協議慢慢趨於集中化。例如 Farcaster 的 Warpcast 客戶端便佔據 95% 市場份額，即使在去中心化協議內部產生實質集中現象。
節點、轉發或驗證等基礎設施的運行所需的技術知識和資源，使大型營運者容易主導基建層，重新形成中心化。
緩解策略：最成功的 DeSoc 協議，很可能會採取多重風險緩解措施，而非單靠去中心化解決所有問題。以混合架構結合去中心化優勢及中心化用戶體驗和安全機制，或較純去中心化來得更實際。
設計時主動考慮監管合規，及早與監管部門溝通，有助協議避免被打壓，同時保住用戶擁有權和可攜性的核心優勢。像零知識證明這類技術方案，或可在不方便非法活動的前提下實現私隱保障。
案例研究
創作者變現成功案例：Friend.tech 的收入革命
Friend.tech 證明了社交代幣化可以在推出數周內為創作者帶來可觀收益，也證明了原生於加密圈的受眾願意為專屬社交進入權支付高昂費用。該平台於 2023 年 8 月 10 日在 Base 區塊鏈上發布，允許創作者透過彈性定價（bonding curve）機制銷售進入私人聊天室的「鑰匙」。
其經濟成果遠超預期。兩個月內，平台總成交超過 2,000 萬美元，並直接分發了 1,840 萬美元予創作者。頂尖創作者 @Cobie 個人獲利超過 44 萬美元，前 25 名創作者於首 12 日即合計收取 280 萬美元分成。
其經濟機制亦遠比簡單小費來得複雜。自動交易機械人共賺取 590 萬美元（佔創作者收入 34%），顯示平台既是社交網絡，也是金融市場。日收入一度高達 140 萬美元，瞬間超越傳統 DeFi 協議如 Uniswap 和 Tron。
然而，這平台的發展軌跡亦揭示加密社交變現的可持續挑戰。炒作熱潮冷卻後，用戶參與大幅回落，團隊最終甚至把協議控制權轉移到空地址，事實上等同關閉協議。雖然帶來巨額收益，Friend.tech 卻未能在金融投機以外建立長遠社群價值。
內容審查失敗案例：私人空間治理的難題
美國反誹謗聯盟（ADL）於 2024 年對私人社交空間內容審查的研究，揭示了傳統及去中心化平台普遍存在的治理瓶頸。研究員於 Facebook、Discord 和 Roblox 的私人群組發佈 10 條違規內容，以測試平台的檢測和處理能力。
結果暴露出內容安全系統存在嚴重漏洞。只有 Facebook 有主動審查違規內容，Discord 及 Roblox 全無主動檢測。即使用戶申報，平台對非主訓練語言內容亦束手無策——Facebook 便未能審查巴布亞新幾內亞土語 Tok Pisin 發佈的仇恨言論。
無障礙性測試則發現了更多系統性問題。內容審查工具proved largely inaccessible to users with visual impairments, creating safety vulnerabilities for vulnerable communities that lack equal access to reporting mechanisms.
對視障用戶來說，大部分功能都難以使用，導致弱勢群體缺乏平等舉報渠道時更容易出現安全漏洞。
The study's implications for decentralized social media prove significant. If well-resourced traditional platforms struggle with content safety in private spaces, distributed protocols with limited moderation infrastructure face even greater challenges. Community-driven moderation approaches must account for language diversity, accessibility needs, and the technical sophistication required for effective content governance.
研究對去中心化社交媒體的啟示十分重大。即使資源豐富的傳統平台在私密空間內容安全管理上都有困難，基礎設施有限的分佈式協議就更難解決。社區主導的管理手法必須考慮語言多元、無障礙需求，以及實施有效治理所需的技術門檻。
Platform responses varied significantly. Roblox engaged directly with researchers to implement improvements, while other platforms made only incremental changes. This highlights how community pressure and academic research can drive policy improvements when platforms remain responsive to external feedback.
各平台的回應差異很大。Roblox直接與研究人員合作改進，而其他平台只進行了有限的微調。反映出當平台願意回應外界意見時，社區聲音及學術研究確實可以推動政策改良。
Community DAO success: Lens Protocol's hybrid governance
Lens Protocol's governance evolution demonstrates how blockchain-based social platforms can implement community-driven decision-making without sacrificing technical development velocity. Rather than implementing token voting from launch, Lens developed a hybrid system combining GitHub-based proposals with community feedback and technical expert review.
Lens Protocol的治理演變證明，區塊鏈社交平台能夠同時兼顧社區主導決策和技術開發速度。Lens沒選擇一開始即用代幣投票，而是建立起結合GitHub提案、社區反饋和技術專家審查的混合系統。
Lens Improvement Proposals (LIPs), launched in 2023, establish a transparent process for protocol evolution that avoids common DAO pitfalls like voter apathy and plutocratic control. The system successfully navigated major technical decisions including the V2 upgrade introducing Open Actions and the V3 transition to custom blockchain infrastructure.
2023年推出的Lens改進提案（LIPs）建立了公開透明的協議升級流程，避開了DAO常見的投票冷感及財富集中的問題。這套系統駕馭住重大技術決策，包括V2版啟用Open Actions及V3版過渡至自家區塊鏈架構。
The governance model's effectiveness shows in concrete outcomes: over 110,000 profiles supported, hundreds of applications built on the protocol, and successful fundraising of $31 million in December 2024. More importantly, the protocol avoided governance disputes or community splits that have plagued other crypto projects.
實際成效見於：超過11萬個用戶檔案、數百個應用誕生於協議上，以及2024年12月成功融資3,100萬美元。更重要的是，這個協議避免了常見於加密項目的治理爭議和社區分裂。
Key innovations include Follow NFTs that enable governance participation proportional to social engagement rather than financial investment, and a community multisig that prevents unilateral control while enabling collective action. This creates accountability mechanisms without the gridlock that often affects pure DAO governance.
特色創新包括以社交互動取代財力作為治理參與比重的Follow NFT，以及避免一人獨斷但又能靈活推動社區行動的多簽錢包。令協議有問責制，同時不會落入DAO經常遇到的僵局。
The system's scalability remains tested but promising. As the protocol grows toward mainstream adoption, maintaining community legitimacy while enabling rapid technical iteration will require continued governance innovation.
系統可擴展性暫時表現不俗，但仍需考驗。未來推向主流時，必須維持社區認受性和技術持續迭代，需要不斷在治理機制上創新。
Interoperability win: RSS3's cross-protocol bridge
RSS3's Universal Social API solved a fundamental fragmentation problem in decentralized social media by creating seamless integration between previously incompatible protocols. The infrastructure enables developers to build applications that span Farcaster, Lens, and Nostr without requiring users to choose between protocols or manage multiple identities.
RSS3的Universal Social API解決了去中心化社交媒體最根本的分割問題，讓原本互不兼容的協議之間做到無縫整合。此基建讓開發者可以跨越Farcaster、Lens和Nostr等協議開發應用，無需用戶自己抉擇協議或管理多重身份。
Technical implementation involved creating standardized APIs that abstract protocol-specific details while preserving unique features of each network. Developers can retrieve social content, track user activities, and enable cross-protocol interactions through single integration rather than implementing separate systems for each protocol.
技術上，RSS3以標準化API封裝各協議細節，同時保留各自特色。開發者只需整合一次，就能取得社交內容、追蹤用戶活動，實現跨協議互動，毋須為每個協議重覆開發。
The economic impact includes reduced development complexity that enables smaller teams to build sophisticated multi-protocol applications. Applications like Yup Live leverage RSS3 infrastructure to aggregate content across multiple social graphs, creating user experiences that transcend individual protocol limitations.
經濟效益方面，減低了開發門檻，使小團隊都能做出複雜的跨多協議應用。像Yup Live這類應用可利用RSS3基建，聚合多個社交網絡的內容，令用戶體驗跳出單一協議侷限。
User benefits include unified social experiences without requiring technical knowledge of underlying protocols. Content discovery spans multiple networks, social connections remain portable between applications, and creators can reach audiences across protocol boundaries without separate posting workflows.
用戶得益在於：無需了解底層協議，就能享受統一的社交體驗。內容探索橫跨多個網絡，社交連繫亦能在不同應用間流動，創作者亦無須反覆發帖，就能觸及跨協議觀眾。
The success demonstrates that interoperability solutions can create value for all ecosystem participants - protocols gain broader developer adoption, developers reduce integration complexity, and users access more diverse content and social connections. This represents one of the most concrete examples of composability benefits in decentralized social media.
這個案例證明，互通解決方案能令生態圈各方受益——協議擴大開發者社群，開發者降低了整合難度，用戶享受更多元內容和網絡連繫。這正是去中心化社交強調可組合性優勢的鮮明例子。
Growth retention experiment: Farcaster's Frames impact analysis
Farcaster's January 2024 launch of interactive "Frames" provides the clearest example of product innovation driving sustainable user adoption in decentralized social media. The feature enabled embedded applications within social posts, allowing users to participate in polls, mint NFTs, or execute transactions without leaving their social feed.
Farcaster於2024年1月推出互動功能「Frames」，是去中心化社交中最鮮明的產品創新推動用戶留存例子。這個功能讓社交貼文內能嵌入應用，用戶毋須離開動態已可投票、鑄造NFT或直接做交易。
The growth impact exceeded internal projections. Daily active users increased 400% within one week, from approximately 5,000 to 24,700 users. Peak engagement reached 50,000 active users and 720,000 interactions on February 4, 2024, with daily post volume spiking from 200,000 to 2 million casts.
增長遠超內部預期。一星期內，日活躍用戶由大約5,000暴升到24,700，增長400%。2024年2月4日達到5萬活躍、72萬次互動，單日發帖由20萬急升至200萬。
More importantly, statistical analysis of 327,788 users revealed significant retention improvements. Users mentioned or tagged during their first week showed 69% retention rates compared to 56% for users without early social connections - a 13.2 percentage point improvement with high statistical significance.
更重要的是，對327,788名用戶的數據分析發現用戶留存明顯改善——首週有被提及或標籤的用戶，其留存率高達69%，而無早期社交連結者只有56%，差距達13.2百分點，統計顯著。
The retention data suggests that interactive features create stickier user experiences than passive social consumption. Users who engaged with Frames during onboarding demonstrated 76% higher odds of remaining active after 30 days compared to users who joined before Frames launched.
數據顯示，互動功能比純瀏覽內容能有效提升用戶黏性。初加入時有用過Frames的用戶，30日後繼續活躍的機會高出未用Frames的用戶76%。
Geographic analysis showed adoption concentrated in North American and European crypto communities, with significant developer activity in Asia-Pacific building Frame applications. Limited penetration in regions with lower crypto familiarity highlighted adoption barriers that persist despite product innovation.
地域分析指出，應用主要流行於北美及歐洲的加密社群，亞太地區的開發者亦非常活躍於Frames應用開發。不過，在加密熟悉度較低地區，Frames滲透率有限，顯示產品創新未能完全消除採用障礙。
Enterprise pilot: DeSo blockchain institutional infrastructure
DeSo Foundation's enterprise blockchain experiment demonstrates how purpose-built social infrastructure could enable institutional adoption of decentralized social media. As the only Layer 1 blockchain designed specifically for social applications, DeSo offers cost efficiencies and native features that general-purpose blockchains cannot match.
DeSo Foundation的企業區塊鏈實驗展示了一套專為社交設計的基建，或可推動機構級去中心化社交發展。DeSo作為唯一一條專為社交應用定制的Layer 1區塊鏈，在成本效益和原生功能都比通用型區塊鏈優勝。
Technical advantages include storage costs 1/10,000th those of Ethereum for social interactions, direct on-chain content storage, and native support for creator coins and social NFTs. The Revolution Proof-of-Stake upgrade provides institutional-grade infrastructure with 20% staking rewards and enterprise-level node operation.
技術上，社交互動儲存成本僅為以太坊的1/10,000，內容可直接存鏈，並原生支援創作者代幣及社交NFT。Revolution PoS升級帶來20%質押回報及企業級節點運作。
The Openfund platform built on DeSo accepts multiple cryptocurrencies for Web3 fundraising, demonstrating cross-chain integration capabilities that could appeal to traditional organizations exploring blockchain adoption. Enterprise APIs supporting JavaScript, Python, and Ruby on Rails enable integration with existing business applications.
基於DeSo的Openfund平台已支援多種加密貨幣進行Web3募資，證明可跨鏈整合，有望吸引傳統組織考慮用鏈。企業API亦原生支援JavaScript、Python和Ruby on Rails，方便與現有業務應用對接。
However, institutional adoption remains theoretical rather than proven. While the foundation maintains a $200 million treasury and achieved fastest-ever Coinbase listing for a Layer 1 blockchain, concrete enterprise implementations remain limited to pilot projects rather than production deployments.
不過，企業級採用現在仍以理論為主。雖然基金會儲備有2億美元，並創下Layer 1最快在Coinbase上市的紀錄，但實際落地的企業應用暫時只限於試點而非大規模生產部署。
Barriers to enterprise adoption include regulatory uncertainty around blockchain-based social platforms, technical expertise requirements for implementation, and competition from established Web2 alternatives with existing user bases. The complexity of explaining blockchain benefits to non-technical decision-makers also slows institutional evaluation processes.
企業採用障礙包括：區塊鏈社交平台的監管不確定性、落地需高技術門檻、以及面對既有Web2產品的競爭。此外，要令非技術決策人理解區塊鏈好處，本身就增加了整體評估難度。
Comparisons with legacy and federated social
Decentralized social media protocols compete directly with established platforms while offering fundamentally different value propositions around user ownership, content monetization, and platform governance. Understanding these distinctions illuminates both the opportunities and challenges facing DeSoc adoption.
去中心化社交協議雖然直接競爭於傳統平台，但於用戶資產擁有權、內容變現和平台治理上，提供了完全不同的價值主張。理解這些差異，有助掌握DeSoc發展的機遇和挑戰。
Traditional platform comparison: YouTube, Instagram, and TikTok generate revenue primarily through advertising, taking 30-45% of creator earnings through various fee structures. In contrast, DeSoc platforms typically charge 5% or less, enabling creators to retain most revenue from direct fan support.
傳統平台如YouTube、Instagram及TikTok主要靠廣告賺錢，並透過不同收費機制抽取創作者30-45%收入。相比下，DeSoc平台大多收費5%或更低，令創作者能保留大部份來自粉絲支持的收益。
However, traditional platforms provide massive network effects that DeSoc cannot match. YouTube serves 2.5 billion users, TikTok reaches 1.5 billion, while Farcaster serves approximately 50,000 daily actives. The monetization advantages of DeSoc platforms matter little if creators cannot reach sufficient audiences to generate meaningful income.
但傳統平台擁有巨大的網絡效應，DeSoc暫時難以比擬。YouTube有25億用戶，TikTok達15億，而Farcaster每日活躍用戶只有約5萬。若創作者難以觸及龐大觀眾，DeSoc平台的變現優勢便顯得有限。
Content recommendation represents another crucial difference. Traditional platforms use sophisticated machine learning systems trained on billions of user interactions to maximize engagement and time-on-platform. DeSoc protocols often lack comparable recommendation systems, relying more heavily on chronological feeds and manual content discovery.
在內容推薦方面差異同樣顯著。傳統平台以經過數十億用戶數據訓練的AI極致推送，提升人氣與滯留時間。DeSoc協議則普遍缺乏同級推薦系統，大多以時間線及人手發掘內容為主。
Mastodon and federated alternatives: ActivityPub-based platforms like Mastodon offer decentralization benefits without requiring cryptocurrency knowledge or blockchain infrastructure. Users can choose between thousands of community-operated instances with different moderation policies and cultural norms.
至於Mastodon等基於ActivityPub的聯邦式平台，讓用戶毋須懂加密貨幣或區塊鏈，也能享有去中心化好處。大家可以自由選擇數千個由社群自行營運、有不同管理政策及文化的實例。
This federation model achieves over 11.7 million active users globally by reducing barriers to adoption while maintaining user choice and community governance. Meta's integration of Threads with ActivityPub brings over 100 million additional users into the federated ecosystem, creating network effects that pure crypto protocols currently lack.
這種聯邦模式成功聚集全球超過1,170萬活躍用戶——一方面減低採用門檻，另一方面保持了用戶選擇和社群治理空間。Meta更將Threads接入ActivityPub，令聯邦社交圈一舉增加過億用戶，造就目前加密協議難及的網絡效應。
However, Mastodon's governance model places significant technical and financial burdens on instance operators, limiting democratic participation in network governance to users with substantial technical expertise. DeSoc protocols like Lens enable broader community participation
不過，Mastodon的治理模式為個別實例營運者帶來很大技術及財政壓力，網絡治理參與主要屬於技術力較強的人士。反觀Lens等DeSoc協議，則能讓更廣泛社區成員參與其中。through token-based governance systems.
通過以代幣為基礎的管治系統。
Bluesky's hybrid approach: Bluesky represents an interesting middle ground between traditional centralization and crypto-native decentralization. The AT Protocol enables algorithmic choice and data portability without requiring cryptocurrency wallets or token economics.
Bluesky 嘅混合方式：Bluesky 介乎傳統集中式同加密原生去中心化之間，提供一個有趣嘅中間路線。AT 協議容許用戶選擇演算法同數據可攜性，唔需要加密貨幣錢包或者用到代幣經濟模式。
User growth to 27+ million demonstrates significant market demand for Twitter alternatives that maintain familiar user experiences. Bluesky's "marketplace of algorithms" could prove more attractive to mainstream users than crypto-native approaches to content discovery and social interaction.
用戶人數增長到超過 2,700 萬，顯示市場對維持熟悉用戶體驗嘅 Twitter 替代品有重大需求。Bluesky 嘅「演算法市場」可能會比加密原生平台喺內容發現同社交互動方面，更吸引主流用戶。
The platform's stackable moderation system offers more sophisticated content governance than most DeSoc protocols while remaining more user-controlled than corporate moderation policies. This suggests that non-crypto decentralized approaches might achieve broader adoption than blockchain-based alternatives.
呢個平台嘅疊加式審查系統，喺內容管治方面比大部分 DeSoc 協議更精細，同時又比企業式審查政策更自主於用戶手上。呢點暗示，非加密嘅去中心化方案，或許比以區塊鏈為基礎嘅方案更容易被大眾接受。
Regulatory and policy outlook
監管同政策展望
The regulatory landscape for decentralized social media remains in flux as governments worldwide grapple with how existing internet governance frameworks apply to distributed platforms. Policy developments over the next several years will significantly influence which DeSoc models can achieve mainstream adoption.
全球政府仲喺研究現有網絡管治框架應該點樣應用喺分布式平台上，令到去中心化社交媒體嘅監管情況一直變化中。未來幾年嘅政策發展，將會大大影響邊啲 DeSoc 模式可以成功打入主流市場。
Section 230 evolution: US internet law faces potential transformation as courts narrow Section 230 protections and legislators consider comprehensive reform. The Third Circuit's Anderson v. TikTok ruling excluded algorithmic content recommendations from liability immunity, potentially affecting DeSoc protocols that implement AI-driven feeds.
美國網絡法例第 230 條可能會面對重大變革，因為法院逐漸收窄第 230 條嘅豁免範圍，立法機關亦考慮進行全面改革。第三巡迴法院喺 Anderson v. TikTok 裁決中，將演算法內容推薦排除喺責任豁免之外，有機會影響到採用 AI 推送內容嘅 DeSoc 協議。
Bipartisan proposals to sunset Section 230 by 2026 could force comprehensive legal restructuring of social media liability frameworks. DeSoc protocols might benefit from more predictable legal standards, but they could also face increased compliance burdens that favor large centralized platforms with extensive legal resources.
兩黨議員提出 2026 年終止第 230 條嘅建議，有可能強制對社交媒體責任機制進行大規模重組。DeSoc 協議或可受惠於更明確嘅法律標準，但同時亦可能要承擔更多合規負擔，令大型集中式平台憑著資源優勢而更有利。
EU Digital Services Act implementation: European enforcement of the DSA creates global compliance requirements for platforms serving EU users. The first major investigation targeting X (formerly Twitter) demonstrates that decentralized architecture doesn't shield platforms from regulatory scrutiny.
歐洲數碼服務法（DSA）嘅落實，對服務歐盟用戶嘅平台帶嚟全球合規要求。首次針對 X（前稱 Twitter）嘅大型調查，證明去中心化架構並唔能夠令平台免受監管審查。
DeSoc protocols must develop compliance frameworks for content transparency, risk assessment, and illegal content removal despite their distributed nature. The challenge lies in implementing centralized compliance systems without undermining the decentralization benefits that differentiate these platforms from traditional alternatives.
即使系統係分布式，DeSoc 協議都要制定合規框架去保障內容透明度、進行風險評估，同時刪除非法內容。最大難題在於要做好集中式合規，又唔可以削弱去中心化帶嚟嘅獨特優勢。
International coordination needs: Cross-border content flows inherent in decentralized protocols require international coordination on content standards and enforcement mechanisms. Different cultural norms around free expression, hate speech, and political content create conflicts when global protocols must satisfy diverse legal requirements simultaneously.
去中心化協議固有跨境內容流動，需要就內容標準同執行機制進行國際協調。自由言論、仇恨言論、政治內容等唔同文化觀念下，全球協議要同時符合各地法律，會出現唔少衝突。
The most successful DeSoc protocols will likely implement jurisdictional compliance systems that respect local laws while maintaining global interoperability. Technical solutions like content labeling and geographic filtering could enable compliance without fragmenting global social networks.
最成功嘅 DeSoc 協議，好可能會實施按地區合規嘅系統，尊重本地法律同時維持全球互通。用技術方法，好似內容標籤同地理過濾，可以喺唔分割全球社交網絡下實現合規。
Policy recommendations for balanced outcomes: Regulators should develop proportionate compliance frameworks that recognize the limited resources of community-operated nodes and instances while maintaining essential safety requirements. Risk-based regulations that scale requirements with platform size and influence could preserve space for innovation.
為達致平衡效果，監管機構應設計合乎比例嘅合規框架，考慮到社群節點資源有限，但都要保有基本安全要求。以風險為本、按平台規模設立規定，有助保留創新空間。
Safe harbor protections should extend to distributed social infrastructure while maintaining accountability for illegal content. Legal clarity around liability distribution between protocol developers, node operators, and application builders will enable sustainable business models.
分布式社交基建應得到安全港保護，同時對非法內容保持追責。釐清協議開發者、節點營運者同應用建設者之間嘅法律責任，先可以支撐可持續發展嘅商業模式。
Innovation sandboxes could allow experimental governance models to develop best practices before broader regulatory application. Regulatory agencies should engage with DeSoc communities to understand technical capabilities and limitations rather than imposing solutions designed for centralized platforms.
用創新沙盒方式，可以令實驗性管治模式發展出最佳做法，再推廣至更廣泛監管適用範圍。監管機構應該多同 DeSoc 社群交流，理解技術能力同限制，唔好將專為集中式平台設計嘅方案硬性套用。
Future regulatory scenarios: Favorable regulatory development could include updated internet governance frameworks that recognize decentralized platforms as distinct from traditional social media, with appropriate compliance requirements and liability protections.
未來監管情景：有利嘅監管發展，可以包括修訂網絡管治框架，認可去中心化平台同傳統平台嘅分別，訂立合適合規要求同責任保護。
Neutral scenarios might involve applying existing regulations to DeSoc protocols without significant modification, creating compliance burdens but not prohibitive restrictions on operation and development.
中性情景就係將現有規定原封不動咁用喺 DeSoc 協議上，會增加合規壓力，但未必去到嚴重阻礙系統運作同發展。
Adverse regulatory outcomes could include broad restrictions on pseudonymous social networking, cryptocurrency integration, or cross-border data flows that make DeSoc protocols difficult to operate legally in major jurisdictions.
不利監管可能包括廣泛限制匿名／化名社交、加密貨幣整合，或跨境數據流通，令 DeSoc 協議喺主要司法管轄區難以合法經營。
The regulatory response will likely depend on whether DeSoc platforms demonstrate superior outcomes for user safety, democratic discourse, and innovation compared to incumbent alternatives, or whether they create new harms that justify restrictive policy responses.
最終監管取態，很大程度取決於 DeSoc 平台能否喺用戶安全、公共討論同創新方面表現得好過傳統對手，抑或係引發新風險而促使政策收緊。
Future scenarios
未來情境
The future trajectory of decentralized social media depends on technological breakthroughs, regulatory developments, and market dynamics that remain highly uncertain. Three scenarios capture the range of plausible outcomes over the next 1-3 years.
去中心化社交媒體未來嘅發展路線，將取決於技術突破、監管政策變化、同市場動向，而呢啲因素短期內依然高度不確定。下面三個情境，涵蓋未來 1-3 年可能出現嘅唔同結果。
Bull case scenario: DeSoc achieves mainstream adoption breakthrough through dramatically improved user experience and compelling creator economics. Key triggers include successful wallet abstraction that eliminates crypto complexity, viral content or creator migrations that drive network effects, and regulatory clarity that enables institutional adoption.
利好情境：DeSoc 通過大幅改善用戶體驗同吸引創作者經濟收益，成功進入主流市場。關鍵催化劑包括順利抽象咗加密錢包（令用戶唔駛理解複雜加密流程）、爆紅內容或創作者集體轉移帶動網絡效應，與及明確監管令機構入場。
In this scenario, at least one major DeSoc protocol reaches 100+ million active users by 2027. Creator revenue sharing advantages prove decisive in attracting high-quality content creators from traditional platforms. Cross-protocol interoperability enables rich application ecosystems that provide superior user experiences to centralized alternatives.
喺呢個情境下，最遲到 2027 年將有至少一個主流 DeSoc 協議突破過億活躍用戶。創作者收入分成帶嚟壓倒性吸引力，令優質內容創作者由傳統平台轉投 DeSoc。協議之間互通，令生態系統充滿創新應用，比集中式平台有更好嘅用戶體驗。
Success metrics to monitor include monthly active user growth exceeding 20% consistently, total creator revenue reaching $1+ billion annually across DeSoc platforms, and major brand or institutional adoption for community building and customer engagement.
成功指標包括月活躍用戶長期保持超過 20% 增長、整體創作者收入每年達到十億美元以上、以及有大型品牌或機構用嚟搞社群與客戶互動。
Base case scenario: DeSoc protocols achieve sustainable niche adoption among crypto-native communities while gradually expanding to adjacent audiences interested in creator economy participation and platform independence. Growth remains steady but limited by user experience complexity and network effect challenges.
基本情境：DeSoc 協議能夠喺加密原生社群中持續發展，慢慢伸展到對創作者經濟及平台自主有興趣嘅群體。增長穩定，但因用戶體驗複雜同網絡效應阻力，暫難大規模普及。
This scenario sees leading protocols maintaining hundreds of thousands to low millions of users, with creator monetization models proving viable for digital-native creators but insufficient to drive mass creator migration. Interoperability solutions mature but don't achieve seamless user experiences across protocol boundaries.
此情景下，龍頭協議用戶主要維持喺數十萬至一至兩百萬之間。創作者收入模式對數碼原生用戶有吸引力，但未至於吸納大批內容創作者轉會。各種協議間互通解決方案已成熟，但未做到完全無縫嘅應用體驗。
Base case metrics include user bases growing 50-100% annually for leading protocols, creator revenue reaching hundreds of millions annually across the ecosystem, and regulatory frameworks that neither prohibit nor actively promote DeSoc adoption.
基本指標為龍頭協議用戶每年增長 50-100%，全生態系統內每年創作者收入數以億計，同時監管框架並無積極推動或嚴重阻礙 DeSoc 發展。
Bear case scenario: DeSoc protocols face insurmountable challenges from user experience complexity, regulatory restrictions, or competitive responses from traditional platforms that make decentralized alternatives unnecessary.
悲觀情境：DeSoc 協議因用戶體驗太複雜、監管限制、或傳統平台迅速推出競爭產品，令去中心化社交變得多餘，出現無法克服障礙。
Potential negative triggers include major security breaches or financial losses that undermine user trust, regulatory crackdowns that force protocol shutdowns or geographic restrictions, or traditional platform improvements that eliminate key DeSoc value propositions around creator monetization or content ownership.
帶來不利因素既可能係嚴重保安漏洞或經濟損失導致大量用戶信心崩潰、嚴厲監管令協議要關閉或局部停止、亦可能係傳統平台升級後，DeSoc 最重要嘅創作者收益、內容擁有權等賣點被抹煞。
In this scenario, current DeSoc platforms remain niche technical experiments with limited mainstream impact. User growth stagnates or declines as speculative interest wanes without sustainable value creation for ordinary users.
喺呢個情景下，現有 DeSoc 平台淨係停留喺技術實驗層面，對主流社會冇乜影響。用戶增長停滯或開始收縮，炒作消退後，普通用戶搵唔到可持續價值。
Critical uncertainties: The most important factors determining outcomes include the success of user experience improvements, particularly wallet abstraction and onboarding simplification; regulatory responses to decentralized platforms, especially in major markets like the US, EU, and Asia; competitive responses from traditional platforms that could co-opt DeSoc innovations; and the broader trajectory of cryptocurrency adoption and mainstream comfort with blockchain-based applications.
關鍵變數：影響前景最大嘅，係用戶體驗升級（特別係錢包抽象化、註冊簡化）有冇成功；監管取態，特別係美、歐、亞洲大市場；傳統平台會唔會「借用」DeSoc 創新；以及加密貨幣係咪大舉普及、社會對區塊鏈應用係咪變得更易接受。
Metrics to monitor: User retention rates beyond initial adoption, creator revenue growth and distribution patterns, developer ecosystem health measured by application diversity and funding, cross-protocol interoperability achievements, regulatory enforcement actions and policy developments, and traditional platform responses to DeSoc competitive pressure.
重點指標包括用戶留存率（唔只初始註冊）、創作者收入增長及分布狀況、開發者生態健康（應用多樣性、資金投入）、協議間互通進展、監管執法動態、同傳統平台面對 DeSoc 競爭壓力時嘅回應。
The most likely outcome combines elements from multiple scenarios, with different protocols achieving varying degrees of success based on their technical approaches, community development, and market positioning. The next 18 months will likely prove decisive in determining which governance models, technical architectures, and user experience approaches can achieve sustainable growth beyond crypto-native early adopters.
最有可能發生嘅係多種情景並存，不同協議因技術選擇、社群建設、市場定位等原因，各自取得唔同程度成功。未來一年半將會見分曉，邊啲管治模式、技術架構、用戶體驗方案可以突破加密原生圈層，踏上可持續增長之路。
Final thoughts
最後想法
Decentralized social media protocols have evolved from experimental blockchain applications into sophisticated platforms generating real creator revenue, innovative governance models, and meaningful user adoption. Despite persistent challenges around user experience and mainstream scalability, the fundamental value propositions of user ownership, creator empowerment, and community governance continue driving technical and social innovation.
去中心化社交媒體協議已經由區塊鏈實驗，發展成真正有創作者收入、創新管治架構、用戶實際參與嘅平台。雖然用戶體驗同主流擴展性依然有困難，但用戶擁有權、創作者自主、社群共管等核心價值，不斷推動住技術同社會創新。
The evidence demonstrates that alternative social media models work for crypto-native audiences willing to trade user experience complexity for platform independence and superior creator
事實證明，願意以用戶體驗複雜度去換取平台自主和創作者權益嘅加密原生群體，確實可以喺替代社交媒體模式中得到所需功能。economics. Farcaster's 400% growth following technical innovation, Lens Protocol's $342,897 in creator distributions, and Friend.tech's $20+ million in monetization prove that decentralized approaches can compete economically with traditional platforms.
經濟方面。Farcaster 因技術創新而錄得 400% 增長，Lens Protocol 設有 $342,897 創作者分紅，而 Friend.tech 的貨幣化收入超過 $2,000 萬，這些都證明去中心化方案在經濟效益上可以與傳統平台競爭。
However, achieving mainstream adoption requires solving fundamental challenges around wallet abstraction, cross-protocol interoperability, and content moderation at scale. The most successful DeSoc platforms will likely abstract away blockchain complexity while maintaining core benefits of user ownership and community governance.
然而，要實現主流採用，必須解決錢包抽象、跨協議互通和大規模內容審查等基本挑戰。最成功的去中心化社交平台（DeSoc）很可能會隱藏區塊鏈的複雜性，同時保留用戶擁有權和社群治理的核心優勢。
For builders, the priority should focus on user experience improvements that eliminate crypto-native barriers without sacrificing decentralization benefits. Regulatory engagement and compliance by design will prove essential for sustainable growth beyond experimental communities.
對開發人員而言，首要任務應放在提升用戶體驗，消除加密原生的門檻，同時不犧牲去中心化的好處。主動與監管機構溝通，以及在設計上考慮合規性，對於平台從實驗型社群走向可持續增長至關重要。
For creators, DeSoc platforms offer compelling monetization advantages and audience ownership benefits, but network effects remain limited compared to traditional platforms. Early adoption by crypto-native creators could establish competitive advantages as these platforms mature.
對創作者來說，去中心化社交平台提供誘人的變現優勢和觀眾擁有權，但與傳統平台相比，其網絡效應依然有限。加密原生創作者的早期參與，有望在平台成熟時建立競爭優勢。
For policymakers, proportionate regulatory frameworks that preserve innovation space while addressing legitimate safety concerns will determine whether decentralized alternatives can contribute to healthier online discourse and creator economies. The success or failure of these experiments will significantly influence the future architecture of social media and digital community building.
對政策制定者而言，能同時維護創新空間並回應合理安全關注的合比例監管框架，將決定去中心化方案能否促進更健康的網絡討論和創作者經濟。這些實驗的成敗，將深遠影響社交媒體及數碼社群構建的未來架構。