近年有越來越多企業將資產負債表上的現金部分投入加密貨幣。知名企業如 MicroStrategy 和 Tesla 紛紛將巨額資金配置到比特幣,現時亦有新一批公司開始買入以太幣。
這反映出企業對加密貨幣金融資產的態度轉變。不少公司都指出,通脹、法幣貶值和低息環境等宏觀經濟因素,是持有數碼資產的主因。
監管發展亦影響企業策略,例如美國 GENIUS 法案(2025) 為穩定幣訂立明確監管框架,美國及歐盟監管機構亦對加密資產投資提供更清晰指引。
整體而言,企業採納加密貨幣已不限於科技公司,不同行業如工業和遊戲公司亦正悄悄地將部分現金轉為比特幣或以太幣,各自有獨特的策略。
這篇文章將深入探討最大型的比特幣和以太幣企業持有者、解析其財務部署差異,以及經濟和監管因素如何影響行業趨勢。
主要比特幣企業持有者
比特幣(BTC)長期被稱為「數碼黃金」,部分企業更視之為戰略儲備資產。商業智能軟件公司 MicroStrategy 是迄今為止持有比特幣最多的上市企業。於 2025 年 7 月的財報中,MicroStrategy(現名「Strategy」)披露其資產負債表上持有 628,791 枚比特幣,累計買入成本為 460.7 億美元(即每枚約 73,277 美元)。新聞稿直言 Strategy 是「持有比特幣最多的企業」,更自稱為「全球首個比特幣財庫公司」。公司一向透過增發股份及發行可換股債籌資買入比特幣。例如 2025 年初透過配售股票籌集逾 100 億美元,又稱 2025 年每股比特幣價格上升約 25%。總結來說,MicroStrategy 策略是以低成本舉債或增發股份,將所得資金購入比特幣,押注將來幣價升值時賣出部分持有,足以還清債務。根據 River.com 分析,MicroStrategy 的操作是「舉債買幣,理論是公司最終可通過賣出較少比特幣償還法幣債務」。這種槓桿式持幣相當罕見,但有少數公司效法。
電動車製造商 Tesla, Inc.(NASDAQ: TSLA)則是另一間以買入比特幣而聞名的上市公司。2021 年初 Tesla 投入約 15 億美元購買比特幣,至 2025 年中,雖然 Tesla 隨幣價上升減持部分持倉,但仍持有約 11,000–12,000 枚比特幣。Kraken 分析指 Tesla 到 2025 年已減至「約 11,500 枚比特幣」。Tesla 的策略帶有實驗性質,財務總監表示公司不會主動交易比特幣,過去曾接受(後來暫停)比特幣購車付款。與 MicroStrategy 不同,Tesla 未有積極增持,更像單純將比特幣作投資儲備。
其他上市公司同樣建立可觀的比特幣財庫。Block, Inc.(前身為 Square,股票代號 SQ)至 2025 年約持有 8,485 枚比特幣。公司 CEO Jack Dorsey(比特幣推崇者)2020、2021 年間已開始將部分現金轉為比特幣。專注投資加密貨幣的 Galaxy Digital Holdings(TSX: GLXY)據報帳面持有 8,100 多枚比特幣。大型比特幣礦企如 Marathon Digital(NASDAQ: MARA)——美國最大礦工之一——2025 年中約持有 48,000 枚比特幣。(以當時價格計算,價值約 50–60 億美元。)其他礦企如 Hut 8 和 CleanSpark 亦持有數千枚比特幣,不過詳細數字波動較大。
綜觀來看,Kraken 研究顯示以 MicroStrategy、Tesla、Block、Galaxy 和 Marathon 為首的上市企業,已將大量公司資產配置到比特幣。這些公司各自持有逾萬枚甚至數十萬枚比特幣,例如 Strategy 的 628,791 枚遠超其他上市持有者。供應方面,企業財庫與礦企合共僅持有全部比特幣供應的一小部分,但其操作對市場情緒有重大影響。企業持有比特幣的情況吸引了區塊鏈分析師追蹤大額錢包:不少公司會整理餘額和時間點,揭示隱蔽的企業錢包行蹤。
私人公司(和機構)亦持有大量比特幣,其中最大者之一為 Block.one,即 EOS 區塊鏈開發公司。根據分析,Block.one 備有約 164,000 枚比特幣(市值約 70–80 億美元)。Tether Holdings(USDT 穩定幣發行方)亦持有可觀比特幣(約 100,000 枚)作為儲備支持。基金會及非牟利組織亦把比特幣用作資產儲備:瑞士 Tezos Foundation 據稱持有「大量」比特幣,可用於發放贊助和生態發展。Kraken 指出,私人企業合共佔總比特幣供應量約 1.95%,即這類持有者合計持有約 410,000 枚比特幣。並非所有持有都會公開,許多公司靜悄悄將部分現金配置到比特幣作對沖。事實上,越來越多中小上市公司亦偷偷將比特幣納入財庫(往往數百至數千枚)。Cointelegraph 發現至少十間未受關注的上市公司(涵蓋多個行業)於 2024–25 年揭露持有比特幣,通常由數百枚至數千枚不等。當中包括礦企、科技初創、甚至非科技企業,於財報中靜靜披露持有狀況。總體而言,比特幣財庫積累已從早期少數領頭企業擴展到更多企業的資產負債表。
按區塊鏈分析,目前全球(上市及私人)企業持有比特幣儲備者數以百計。至 2025 年中,Kraken 報告全球大約有 1,950 間企業持有比特幣,這數字較 2020–2021 年持續上升。行業統計網站 BitcoinTreasuries.net 指,僅 2025 年 6 月就多了 26 間公司將比特幣入帳,至 2025 年 7 月初約有 250 間企業持有比特幣。這種「悄悄」增長象徵早期持幣者成功;不少企業將防通脹、投資組合多元化及數字稀缺性等原因作為停泊現金於比特幣的理據。企業財務主管重視比特幣 2,100 萬固定供應(永不增發)及其全天候流動性,認為可防範貨幣貶值。例如某油服企業或會將 1% 資金換成比特幣,作為應對突發通脹或貨幣波動的保險。
主要以太幣企業持有者
雖然比特幣有最長期的企業採納歷史,但以太幣(ETH)現時正受到企業大舉關注——但原因略有不同。以太坊不僅是價值儲存載體,更支撐全球智能合約、去中心化金融及資產代幣化。這意味公司除了等待升值外,還能靠持有 ETH 參與質押賺收益。自 2024 年開始,至 2025 年更見加速,已有數十家公司配合「以太坊財庫」概念,仿如早年的比特幣財庫浪潮。
世界最大以太幣企業財庫是 BitMine Immersion Technologies(NYSE American: BMNR)。BitMine 是美國上市公司,原本經營比特幣礦機,2024 年起大幅轉型投入以太坊。截至 2025 年中,BitMine 已累積超過 110 萬枚 ETH——有估算指約 115 萬至 120 萬枚,市值 49–55 億美元。據 Fundstrat 報告,BitMine「自 7 月起積極增持 120 萬枚 ETH,財庫現值幾乎 55 億美元」。BitMine 管理層曾透過大規模增發股票及債券集資,包括計劃再籌 200 億美元繼續擴展以太幣持倉。簡單說,BitMine 直接複製 MicroStrategy 的路線圖,但換成以太幣:公司發行股票及可換股債券,把資金購入 ETH。與比特幣不同,公司更將大部分 ETH 作質押,賺取質押獎勵作為次要收入來源。據加密新聞網報導,ETH 現已佔 BitMine 數碼資產逾 90%。結果,BitMine 幾乎成為上市以太坊基金,主打「ETH 企業財庫」身份。
另一主要公司為 SharpLink Gaming, Inc.(NASDAQ: SBET),由 ConsenSys 聯合創辦人 Joseph Lubin 創立,業務涵蓋美國遊戲及科技。2025 年初 SharpLink 宣布以太幣成為公司主要財庫資產。至 2025 年第二季,SharpLink 透過配售及定向增發集資逾 26 億美元專門買 ETH。其 2025 Q2 報告指已收購並持有 728,804 枚 ETH,按 2025 年中價值約 22–25 億美元。SharpLink 幾乎將全部 ETH 作質押,用以驗證以太坊網絡,至 2025 年中累積質押獎勵(合共約 1,326 枚 ETH)。公司管理層明言 SharpLink 為「全球最大及最具公信力的以太幣企業持有者之一」。與 BitMine 類似,SharpLink 對外強調能為投資者帶來以太坊市場....... upside;SharpLink的文件強調,ETH係「下一代金融系統嘅核心信任商品」,而且質押(staking)帶嚟嘅收益就係一個戰略優勢。總結嚟講,SharpLink嘅策略係用新資本積極買入ETH,拎去質押攞收益,從而為股東複利增值。
最近有新入場嘅係The Ether Machine(ETHM),呢間係一間特殊目的收購公司(SPAC),而家正進行同一間加密公司合併。The Ether Machine由The Ether Reserve LLC同納斯達克上市嘅Dynamix SPAC合組成立,聲稱目標係成為一間「以太坊收益同基建公司」。佢嘅新聞稿同文件講得好清楚,係想以巨大規模累積ETH,之後喺納斯達克上市。2025年7月,The Ether Reserve(The Ether Machine旗下子公司)宣布用5,690萬美元買咗15,000 ETH,令到佢嘅ETH持倉總數去到334,757枚。(當時仲有幾億美元資金未用。)呢個數量已經等同或者超越Ethereum Foundation持有嘅大約234,000 ETH。呢間SPAC計劃透過上市籌多大約16億美元,繼續買ETH,目標係持有全市場大約5%流通供應。重點係:The Ether Machine唔止係炒賣——佢想建立一個「機構級ETH金庫」,主動參與質押同Ethereum基建。佢遞交畀SEC嘅文件都話,會「由全公開企業入面其中一個最大鏈上ETH頭寸」支持住。實際上,呢間SPAC已經儲咗超過13億美元ETH做核心資產,有啲似MicroStrategy用公司現金大手買BTC。
除咗以上啲大新聞,其實仲有其他上市公司持有大量ETH或者有相關策略。Bit Digital, Inc.(NASDAQ: BTBT),以前係比特幣礦工,2025年完全轉型:賣晒全部BTC(大約1.72億美元),根據文件,用嗰啲錢買咗「超過100,000 ETH」。Bit Digital嘅管理層話Ethereum而家係佢資產負債表嘅核心,計劃會用發新股繼續掃ETH。另一例子係BTCS, Inc.(NASDAQ: BTCS),一間好早期嘅上市加密公司。2025年中公布買咗大約1,000 ETH(總持有升到約13,500 ETH),作為建立Ethereum基建業務(驗證人、質押等)一部分。呢啲動作帶出一個更廣泛嘅趨勢:以往專注挖礦或者經紀嘅企業,依家開始主打Ethereum同質押收益。
去到2025年中,企業級Ethereum持倉規模已經好大。根據區塊鏈數據追蹤網站StrategicETHReserve.xyz估計,2025年8月,大約有64間公司合共持有3.04百萬枚ETH(當時值大約130億美元)。其中SharpLink同BitMine已經佔一半以上。(對比一下,3.04百萬枚約佔ETH總供應115.5百萬枚嘅2.63%。)今年企業級ETH持倉比起上年大幅增長。2025年初開始起勢,加速至年中——單單七月,機構級ETH持倉就暴升127.7%。積極買貨已經令供應緊張;分析指呢啲購買已經超過新ETH發行量,對市場造成「通縮壓力」。
具體數據睇,2025年中BitMine Immersion(綠色柱)係最大企業級持有者(約83.3萬ETH),跟住係SharpLink Gaming(約52.2萬ETH),同The Ether Machine(約34.6萬ETH)。頭三位合共持有超過170萬ETH,等同所有商業持有ETH超過一半。比返比特幣,專門持有BTC上市公司(例如MicroStrategy、Tesla)持有比例普遍細好多。圖表顯示,企業級Ethereum金庫主要集中於少數財資專業公司。
Ethereum金庫興起,帶來同比特幣好唔同嘅策略。最大分別係有得生息。因為Ethereum用proof-of-stake,持有人可以質押ETH(或流動質押token)賺到每年約2–3%回報。好似SharpLink、BitMine咁,公開話質押大部分ETH賺息。例如SharpLink報告話100% ETH去質押,幾個月已收超過1,300 ETH利息。BitMine都話質押收益係「累積息票」,除咗博價升之外有額外回報。比特幣就唔同,唔派息、冇回報。以Strategy買BTC為例,唯一搵到錢就係靠BTC升值。有啲比特幣公司會用Lightning Network收費,但做財資嗰啲多數都唔玩。
另一個分別,Ethereum公司管理金庫同時會搞基建。The Ether Machine想做機構級驗證人基建供應商,同時增加ETH儲備。SharpLink同ConsenSys合作,以太坊聯合創辦人Lubin都係佢董事長,主打生態系發展。連Bit Digital都話想提供質押服務。反觀大多數比特幣財資公司,淨係hold住間唔時賣出。例如Strategy會用BTC發新債券(最近發行咗以BTC做抵押嘅“STRC”優先股),但唔做礦工或者運行節點。
總結嚟講,企業級Ethereum策略好多時都係同時集資增持、收息質押、同參與網絡。相反,比特幣策略多數都係儲貨。好多公司由BTC轉去ETH,明言原因就在於:ETH預期會帶嚟實際用處(去中心化金融、NFT、資產上鏈、AI上鏈等)兼且可以收息,係雙重資產。例如分析員Tom Lee就話Ethereum係「未來十年最大宏觀機會」,指絕大多數穩定幣同金融項目都喺ETH上面。呢種長線睇好,正正就推動咗呢波瘋狂掃ETH。比特幣公司就主打固定供應同全年無休流動性,作為對沖(下一段會詳細講)。
策略分野:比特幣 vs. 以太坊金庫
兩種策略之所以各走各路,部分原因在於兩個網絡被睇法完全唔同。比特幣有限供應、品牌夠強,成日俾人當「數碼黃金」,公司會當儲值對沖。買BTC嘅財資經理,通常都係想避通脹或者貨幣貶值風險。例如cointelegraph分析話,企業採用BTC就係「對沖通脹、法幣貶值同宏觀經濟風險」,因為比特幣限量2100萬枚,通脹時自然搶手。好似央行持黃金一樣。另一份報告話,公司加入比特幣,目標係資產多元化,「作為一種無相關資產,有助抵禦宏觀衝擊」。事實上,上一次高通脹潮(2021–2022)好多公司就係咁樣第一次加BTC。MicroStrategy CEO Saylor成日都話,寧願要BTC都唔要現金或者債券,因為BTC罕有。Tesla 2021年買BTC都明言係想對沖現金流波動同見到現金貶值。以上都係熟口熟面嘅論述:比特幣係一種隨時調動、非主權資產,專供企業長擺。
相反,企業想買Ethereum時通常有更闊嘅論點。雖然都有講通脹對沖,不過會強調ETH用途廣。Ethereum係每年幾百億美元DeFi生態基礎,又係穩定幣、現實世界資產上鏈、越嚟越多NFT同Web3基礎設施嘅支柱。公司唔單止買ETH當長擺,而係想做Ethereum經濟層一分子。SharpLink舉例,話Ethereum會成為「去中心化經濟嘅信任層」,又話質押ETH「有助以太坊網絡安全」同時賺息。質押回報(普遍約年息2.9%)反覆被列為分野:比特幣無息,ETH就有穩定現金流,吸引尋息資產管理公司。BitMine文件都話,ETH可以產生額外收益,好似加「息票」咁,唔止靠升值。
另一個策略分別係集資買幣方式。MicroStrategy出名用增發股票加舉債去買BTC;Ethereum金庫公司都會大量發新股籌錢買ETH。BitMine同SharpLink都做過大型增發,而且幾乎所有集資都直接全投ETH。The Ether Machine個SPAC本質都係集資去買ETH。相比之下,99%比特幣金庫公司好少咁做新股集資,只係Strategy有例外(用新債STRC買BTC),大多數比特幣公司淨係用盈餘現金或者傳統債券融資。Ethereum公司就將發新股當主打策略。例如SharpLink 2025年初集資26億美元買ETH。咁就有財資結構分別:Ethereum公司成日會拎可換債或者直接發行同ETH掛鈎嘅新股,而比特幣持有公司就多數係信用額或者傳統債務融資。
風險管理同性帳上處理都唔同。好似Strategy呢啲公司,對極高波動性都習以為常——Strategy 2025年第二季都記錄咗132億美元未變現升值。比特幣公司普遍都當價波動係次要,只專注於長期持有。Ethereum公司,雖然都想長擺,但要處理質押衍生品(例如流動質押token)同佢獨特會計狀況(例如 SharpLink...reported a large non-cash impairment on liquid-staked ETH in Q2 2025). The dual nature of ETH (price plus yield) means these firms must manage validator risks, re-staking protocols, and DeFi exposures – all new operational concerns. Some Ethereum treasuries explicitly integrate DeFi or NFT strategies; for example, GameSquare Holdings (Nasdaq: GAME) has announced ETH staking and an NFT-based platform, mixing corporate treasuries with product development. Bitcoin companies have not ventured far into DeFi, since Bitcoin’s scripting is limited.
報告於2025年第二季對流動質押的以太幣(ETH)作出大額非現金減值。ETH本身具備雙重特性(價格加收益),代表這些公司必須同時管理驗證者風險、再質押協議及DeFi曝險 —— 這些全屬嶄新營運考慮。有部分以太坊金庫更明確融入DeFi或NFT策略;例如GameSquare Holdings(納斯達克:GAME)宣布進行ETH質押及推出NFT相關平台,將公司金庫管理與產品開發混合。比特幣公司則未有大舉涉足去中心化金融(DeFi),因比特幣智能合約腳本功能有限。
One more difference is public perception and investor base. MicroStrategy and Tesla built their BTC stakes under the media spotlight. Many Bitcoin investors are retail traders or Bitcoin “whales,” so those companies get a lot of crypto press coverage. By contrast, SharpLink, BitMine and Ether Machine have marketed themselves heavily to stock market investors who want crypto exposure. For example, SharpLink’s leadership proudly includes Ethereum founders and it pushed its stock listing as “the easiest way for investors to get Ethereum exposure”. BitMine targeted listings on both NYSE and an issued convertible debt. These Ethereum treasury stocks surged dramatically in 2025 as the market recognized their ETH holdings (BitMine’s stock was up over 1,300% in a short span). The focus has partly shifted from crypto enthusiasts to the broader capital markets. That said, Ethereum treasury companies have also sometimes downplayed volatility and emphasized institutional credibility (e.g. through professional custodians and S-1 filings). Bitcoin treasury companies, having started earlier, took a “digital gold” tone in corporate communications, whereas the new Ethereum players often tout “industry-first ETH IRA products” or “DeFi bridges for institutional treasurers.” These stylistic differences reflect the two communities they address.
另一顯著分別在於公眾觀感及投資者基礎。MicroStrategy及Tesla建立比特幣倉位時,備受媒體聚焦。許多比特幣投資者都是散戶交易者或「比特幣鯨魚」,因此相關公司經常受到加密媒體關注。相反,SharpLink、BitMine及Ether Machine則特別針對尋求加密幣曝險的股票市場投資者進行市場推廣。例如SharpLink的管理層中自豪地包括以太坊創辦人,並強調自家股份是「投資者獲取以太坊曝險的最簡單途徑」。BitMine則標榜同時於紐交所上市及發行可換股債券。這些以太坊金庫類股份於2025年隨市場認可其ETH持倉而暴升(BitMine股價短期飆升逾1,300%)。市場焦點已部份由加密愛好者轉向主流資本市場。不過,以太坊金庫公司有時會淡化波動性,並強調機構級信譽(如聘用專業託管人及提交S-1文件)。較早入場的比特幣金庫公司,則在企業溝通上走「數碼黃金」路線;新興以太坊代表則經常主打「業界首創ETH個人退休帳戶產品」,或「機構金庫DeFi橋樑」等賣點。風格差異反映兩個社群不同的取向。
Macroeconomic and Regulatory Context
宏觀經濟及監管背景
The strategies above did not arise in a vacuum. A range of macroeconomic and regulatory factors have been highly influential.
上述策略並非無中生有,而是受多重宏觀經濟及監管因素深遠影響。
On the macroeconomic side, the past few years have been unusually favorable to the case for crypto. Many companies point to inflation and monetary policy as drivers. From 2020 through 2022, global fiscal and monetary stimulus drove inflation rates to multi-decade highs in major economies. In that environment, holding cash or low-yield bonds became unattractive. Digital currencies like Bitcoin (and to an extent Ethereum via its ETH2 burn-and-stake model) are often viewed as imperfect hedges against fiat debasement. Corporate treasury officers cite the persistence of inflation uncertainty as justification for “non-correlated” assets. Low nominal interest rates (even as they began rising in 2023–24) also played a role: with bond yields low, corporate finance teams had cheap capital to experiment. For example, MicroStrategy took advantage of low interest rates to issue debt for BTC.
在宏觀經濟層面,過去數年對加密貨幣發展極為有利。許多公司指出通脹及貨幣政策推動了這個趨勢。由2020至2022年,全球財政及貨幣刺激措施令主要經濟體通脹達到數十年高位。在這種情況下,持有現金或低息債券變得毫無吸引力。比特幣(以及以太幣透過其ETH2銷毀加質押模式)等數碼貨幣,通常被視為對沖法定貨幣貶值的「不完美」工具。企業金庫負責人認為,通脹不明朗性持續,是選擇持有「非相關資產」的理據。低名義利率(即使2023–24年開始回升)亦有影響:債息偏低令公司財務團隊可動用廉價資本作新嘗試。例如MicroStrategy就乘低息環境發債購入比特幣。
At the same time, Ethereum’s use cases have been turbocharged by other macro trends. The growth of decentralized finance (DeFi) and tokenized real-world assets has been stoked by institutions seeking alternative markets. Notably, large banks and fintechs have started pilots on Ethereum: a Cointelegraph report notes that Wall Street firms like JPMorgan and Robinhood are building Ethereum-based token products, propelled in part by clearer regulations (for example, the U.S. “Genius Act” and the Fed’s Project Hamilton initiative). These moves reinforce the narrative that Ethereum is a long-term infrastructure play, not just a speculative token. In July 2025, crypto strategist Thomas Lee called ETH “the biggest macro trade” of the next decade, specifically because “AI creates a token economy on the blockchain” and stablecoin regulations are maturing. That echoes what corporate ETH treasurers say: they expect tokens, AI-driven smart contracts, and stablecoins (mostly built on Ethereum) to increasingly dominate finance. In other words, some firms see Ethereum as a way to participate in broader technology and finance trends, beyond mere currency.
同時,其他宏觀趨勢亦大幅推動以太坊的應用場景。去中心化金融(DeFi)與實體資產代幣化的蓬勃發展,正是機構尋找另類市場機會的結果。值得注意的是,多家大型銀行及金融科技公司已經在以太坊進行創新試點:根據Cointelegraph報道,類似摩根大通、Robinhood等華爾街公司正在開發以太坊為基礎的代幣產品,動力之一來自監管明朗(例如美國「Genius Act」與聯儲局的Project Hamilton計劃)。這進一步鞏固了「以太坊係長遠基建而非單純炒作代幣」的論述。2025年7月,加密策略師Thomas Lee稱ETH為「未來十年最大的宏觀交易」,理由包括「AI於區塊鏈上創造代幣經濟」,以及穩定幣監管進入成熟階段。這正好呼應企業ETH金庫的看法:他們預計,代幣、AI驅動智能合約與穩定幣(大部分建基於以太坊)將越來越主導金融體系。換言之,部分公司視以太坊為參與更廣泛科技及金融大潮的門票,不只是一種貨幣。
Financial market conditions also influenced crypto strategies. The cryptocurrency market generally recovered strongly in 2024–2025 after a slump in 2022–early 2023. As prices climbed, corporate balance-sheet allocations that had been passive became more profitable. For instance, Strategy’s unrealized Bitcoin gains soared by early 2025 (the July 2025 report cites a $13.2 billion YTD gain on BTC). Rising crypto prices can create a feedback loop: profitable marks bolster the willingness to buy more. This partly explains why Ethereum accumulation accelerated once ETH prices broke above key levels in mid-2025.
金融市場狀況亦衝擊了加密策略。加密市場繼2022至2023年初的下跌後,於2024至2025年明顯反彈。隨著價格回升,過往被動持有的公司資產變得更具利潤。例如,Strategy公司至2025年頭持有比特幣的未變現收益急升(2025年7月報告錄得年初至今比特幣增益達132億美元)。加密幣價格上升容易產生正反饋 —— 帳面利潤提升,促使更多採購。這部份解釋了為何2025年中以太幣升破重要阻力後,企業累積ETH步伐加快。
On the regulatory side, the environment has become somewhat more accommodating, especially in the United States. For Bitcoin, progress was uneven: in 2021 the SEC approved spot Bitcoin ETFs, giving institutional investors easy exposure and legitimizing Bitcoin as an asset class. Corporations indirectly benefit as ETFs’ inflows and publicity raise general acceptance. For Ethereum, the regulatory breakthrough came in 2024 when the SEC approved Ethereum spot ETFs (BlackRock’s iShares Ethereum Trust and others). Those approvals implied the SEC would not treat ETH itself as a security in the context of spot trading, alleviating a major legal risk. The launching of ETH ETFs (which saw inflows in 2024) has been cited as a catalyst for corporate treasurers to consider ETH. In addition, U.S. lawmakers passed the GENIUS Act in mid-2025, a bipartisan stablecoin law that sets strong reserve and transparency standards for dollar-backed crypto. While this law is about stablecoins, it signals that U.S. policy is now explicitly supporting crypto-finance infrastructure. Firm regulation of stablecoins is crucial because stablecoins (like USDC, USDT) are primarily issued on Ethereum. Clear rules encourage firms to use Ethereum-based finance without fear of sudden legal change.
監管方面,特別係美國,環境變得較以往開放。比特幣方面,發展步伐參差:2021年美國證監會(SEC)批出即時比特幣ETF,令機構投資者更易持有,亦俾比特幣資產類別獲得正名。ETF帶來資金流入及知名度提升,間接令企業受惠。以太坊則於2024年獲得突破 —— SEC批准以太坊現貨ETF(包括BlackRock的iShares Ethereum Trust等)。有關批准即代表SEC於現貨交易層面不當ETH本身視作證券,大大消除了法律風險。ETH ETF於2024年見資金流入,成為企業金庫考慮ETH的重要催化劑。此外,美國國會於2025年中通過GENIUS Act,該法案屬兩黨合作為美元掛鉤穩定幣訂立強制儲備及透明標準。雖然此法只涉穩定幣,亦反映美國政策現時公開支持加密金融基建。正規管理穩定幣極為關鍵,皆因主要穩定幣(如USDC、USDT)主要於以太坊網絡發行。明確規則令公司放心參與以太坊金融,無需再擔心突如其來的法律改變。
Internationally, the picture is mixed but increasingly clear. The European Union implemented its Markets in Crypto-Assets (MiCA) regulation in 2023, creating a harmonized framework for crypto-asset service providers. MiCA’s rules (on transparency, custody, stablecoins, etc.) may give European companies more confidence to engage with crypto, including Ether-based finance. Likewise, some Asian jurisdictions (e.g. Singapore) have friendly crypto regimes. Conversely, China’s ban on crypto in 2021 effectively ruled out Chinese companies as holders (though some Chinese mining and hardware firms that are internationally listed have ETH holdings via foreign ADRs). Overall, the trend in 2024–2025 is toward regulatory clarity. Many companies cite the reduction in “uncertainty” as freeing them to allocate reserves. An AInvest analysis specifically notes that “improved regulatory clarity, including the Genius Act in the U.S. and favorable SEC signals, has reduced institutional hesitation”. In short, corporate treasurers today operate in a world where crypto assets have recognized legal status in major markets, making them more comfortable placing corporate capital into Bitcoin or Ethereum.
國際方面情況雖然參差,但趨向更明朗。歐盟於2023年實施「加密資產市場條例」(MiCA),制定統一的加密資產服務商規管框架。MiCA涵蓋資料透明、託管、穩定幣等規則,有助提升歐洲公司參與加密貨幣(包括以太坊金融)的信心。同樣,部分亞洲司法區(如新加坡)對加密持開放政策。反觀中國於2021年全面禁絕加密貨幣,等同令中國公司不能作持有人(但部分於海外上市的中資礦機或硬件商透過外國ADR間接持有ETH)。總括來說,2024–2025年監管明朗化成主流。許多公司明言「不確定性減低」令其可大膽作資產配置。AInvest分析特別指出,「監管環境明確化,包括美國Genius Act及SEC利好訊號,減少機構猶豫」。總括而言,如今企業金庫於主要市場可視加密資產為具法律地位,對將公司資本投入比特幣或以太坊時會較為放心。
Other macro factors play roles too. One is the dollar’s status and geopolitics. Some non-U.S. firms and smaller economies are pushing crypto as a hedge against dollar volatility or financial sanctions. For example, several countries now hold Bitcoin in national reserves (Ukraine ~46,000 BTC, El Salvador ~5,954 BTC). While not corporations, these moves bolster the narrative of crypto as an alternative reserve. Oil companies in Texas and the UAE (some of which have put Bitcoin on their balance sheets) are influenced by regional currency stability concerns. So far, no major U.S. corporate (outside of Treasuries) has adopted crypto for hedging; but such considerations creep in, especially for internationally exposed firms.
其他宏觀因素亦有影響,例如美元地位及地緣政治。有些非美國企業及小型經濟體利用加密幣對沖美元波動或金融制裁。例如部份國家現時將比特幣納入國家儲備(烏克蘭約持有46,000枚BTC、薩爾瓦多約5,954枚BTC)。雖然未必是公司行為,此舉卻加強了加密幣作為另類儲備資產的說法。德州及阿聯酋的石油公司(部分已將比特幣入帳)則受地區貨幣穩定因素影響。至今,美國並無大型企業(除國債外)將加密貨幣納入對沖工具,但有關思維已悄然滲透,尤其對涉足海外市場的公司。
Another macroeconomic trend is technology adoption and investor sentiment. Large asset managers and tech companies endorsing crypto can sway corporate behavior. For instance, when Ark Invest and SoftBank announced stakes in crypto-mining firms, they signaled confidence to others. When corporate financiers like Goldman Sachs and JPMorgan began offering Bitcoin products to wealthy clients, corporate boards took notice. Conversely, news of regulatory crackdowns or Bitcoin mining restrictions (like environmental concerns in Europe) have in the past dampened enthusiasm. As of 2025, the debate on Bitcoin’s energy use still lingers; some environmental, social and governance (ESG)-focused firms hesitate to hold PoW crypto. This partly explains why so far, most corporate Bitcoin holders are either pure-play crypto companies (like miners) or tech-oriented firms, rather than conservative industrial giants.
另一大宏觀趨勢為科技普及與投資者態度變化。大型資產管理者及科技公司對加密貨幣的支持,足以影響企業行為。例如Ark Invest及軟銀(SoftBank)宣布增持加密礦業公司股份,向市場傳遞信心。當高盛(Goldman Sachs)、摩根大通等開始為富裕客戶提供比特幣產品時,各企業董事局自然會留意。反之,監管打壓或比特幣挖礦限制(如歐洲環保爭議)消息,過去令市場熱情冷卻。至2025年,圍繞比特幣能源消耗的爭論仍未平息;部分重視環境、社會、管治(ESG)的公司,仍然對持有工作量證明類型(PoW)加密幣抱觀望。這也部分解釋了迄今大多數公司持比特幣者,主要是純加密公司(如礦企)或偏科技型公司,而非守舊型工業巨擘。
Finally, accounting and tax rules influence strategy. For example, U.S. accounting rules treat crypto as an indefinite-lived intangible asset, which can force write-downs. MicroStrategy overcame this by advocating new standards, and regulators have signaled possible relief (e.g. a proposed SEC safe harbor). If accounting rules become more crypto-friendly, more companies could jump in. Tax policies also matter; if capital gains on crypto are taxed favorably, treasurers may be more inclined to realize gains. Many firms keep BTC or ETH for years, so tax rates are not yet a deal-breaker, but these considerations are part of treasury planning.
最後,會計準則及稅制亦會影響策略。例如,美國會計規則將加密貨幣列為無限期無形資產,可能觸發減值。MicroStrategy藉推動新準則予以破解,監管亦有釋出放寬訊號(如SEC提出保護條款)。若會計準則變得對加密幣更友善,將有更多公司參與其中。稅制同樣重要;如果加密資本利得稅優惠,財資人員將更易考慮實現收益。許多公司持有比特幣或以太幣多年,暫時稅率未構成致命障礙,但有關因素皆屬金庫規劃一環。
In sum, the current macro and regulatory backdrop is relatively constructive for corporate crypto. Low interest rates (at least in early 2020s), inflationary anxiety, rising crypto prices, and supportive (or at least clarified) regulations have created an environment where holding crypto is seen as an ordinary strategic decision rather than a fringe gamble. However, companies remain mindful of risk. Many treasurers reserve only a small percentage of cash for crypto and stress that allocations can be
總結而言,目前宏觀及監管環境對企業投資加密資產較為有利。低息環境(至少2020年代初)、通脹焦慮、幣價向上、加上友善或最少明確的法規,使持有加密幣成為主流策略選擇,而非偏門賭注。當然,各公司仍謹慎管理風險。許多金庫管理員只分配極少百分比現金於加密幣,並強調配置可靈活調整。adjusted as conditions change. For instance, after 2022’s crypto winter some firms temporarily halted new purchases. Thus, while the recent momentum is strong, these corporate strategies remain sensitive to the broader economy and policy shifts.
隨著環境變化,策略亦會作出調整。例如,經過2022年加密貨幣寒冬後,有些公司暫時停止了新購買。因此,雖然近期動力強勁,但這些企業策略仍然對宏觀經濟同政策變化十分敏感。
Looking Ahead
The corporate crypto treasury trend is still in its early days. Both Bitcoin and Ethereum strategies are evolving. For Bitcoin, the question is whether other corporates will follow Strategy’s lead or whether firms will reintegrate some crypto back into operations. Tesla’s partial rollback on acceptance of BTC illustrates the caution that can creep in. On the other hand, MicroStrategy announced plans for new instruments (like debt tied to BTC) that could further entrench Bitcoin as a core treasury asset. If Bitcoin prices reach new all-time highs, more companies may quietly join the bandwagon.
企業用加密貨幣作庫房資產嘅趨勢仍然處於起步階段。無論係比特幣定以太幣,相關策略都喺不斷演化。以比特幣為例,目前最大嘅問題係有冇其他公司會跟隨 MicroStrategy 嘅做法,定還是會將部分加密貨幣資產重新帶返業務營運入面。Tesla 部分撤回接受 BTC 作付款方式,正正反映咗行內嘅審慎態度。相反,MicroStrategy 就宣布計劃推出新工具(例如與 BTC 掛鈎債券),進一步鞏固比特幣作為核心庫房資產地位。如果比特幣價格創新高,可能會有更多公司低調加入。
For Ethereum, the pace of adoption may accelerate even more. Many firms have just started; a corporate ETF or mutual fund specifically for ETH could emerge. Traditional financial companies (banks, asset managers) are beginning to embrace crypto – Citi predicted in 2024 that Ether could eventually surpass Bitcoin in market cap due to its utility. If true, that would attract more corporate players. In the short term, price volatility remains a risk: Ethereum’s value fluctuated sharply around its 2024 Shanghai upgrade and the later crypto events. Treasurers have to manage that volatility while staking, but so far high rewards have justified the approach.
至於以太幣,企業採納步伐可能會更加快。好多公司先啱啱開始接觸,有可能會見到專為 ETH 而設嘅企業 ETF 或基金慢慢出現。傳統金融機構(例如銀行、資產管理公司)都開始接受加密貨幣——花旗銀行喺2024年預測,以太幣因其應用性,市值最終有機會超越比特幣。如果屆時真係發生,會吸引更多企業參與。短線方面,價格波動始終係風險:以太幣2024年上海升級同之後事件期間,價值大幅波動。財資管理人要應付呢啲波幅同時進行 Staking,但到目前為止,高回報都令人認同呢個做法。
One wild card is regulation. For example, if the U.S. or EU were to impose strict capital requirements on crypto holdings, or crack down on staking, it could slow the corporate rush. Conversely, if major jurisdictions legalize Bitcoin as corporate currency or ease tax on crypto gains, that would light the fuse. Companies are watching such signals closely. For instance, Japan’s regulator recently allowed its banks to own crypto, hinting at further mainstreaming.
監管係另一個變數。例如,如果美國或歐盟對持有加密貨幣設立嚴格資本要求,或者打壓 Staking,可能會減慢企業入場速度。相反,如果主要司法管轄區開始承認比特幣為企業法定貨幣,或減輕加密貨幣盈利稅負,將會進一步引燃熱潮。企業都密切留意相關信號。例如,日本監管機構最近容許銀行持有加密貨幣,意味住主流化有望更進一步。
At the macro level, future interest rate trends, inflation, and the next recession or recovery will influence how attractive crypto remains. If inflation remains stubborn, more firms may look for hedges. If economic growth returns and stock markets perform strongly, some companies might prefer traditional investments.
從宏觀層面睇,未來利率走勢、通脹,以及經濟衰退或復甦,都會影響加密貨幣對企業吸引力。如果通脹遲遲不下,會有更多公司考慮用加密貨幣對沖。如果經濟增長回歸、股市表現好,部分企業又會傾向傳統投資。
In any case, corporate crypto treasuries are now big enough to matter. MicroStrategy’s 628,791 BTC alone accounts for about 3% of all Bitcoin ever mined; corporate Ethereum holdings of ~3 million ETH are about 2.5% of supply. These are non-trivial fractions for single-class assets. The strategies of these corporate holders, and how they respond to market cycles, will therefore have spillover effects on cryptocurrency markets at large. For readers of crypto media and investors alike, it is important to understand that this is no longer a niche phenomenon: mainstream balance sheets are embracing crypto in a structurally different way than they did even a few years ago.
無論如何,企業加密庫房資產已經大到唔可以忽視。MicroStrategy 持有嘅 628,791 枚比特幣,已經佔咗歷史產量約3%;企業持有嘅以太幣則接近300萬枚,大約係總供應量2.5%。以單一類資產計,呢啲比例絕對唔細。企業持有者嘅策略及應對市場周期方式,因此會對整個加密貨幣市場產生外溢效應。對於加密貨幣行業嘅讀者同投資者而言,理解呢個現象好重要——呢已經唔再係一個小眾行為,主流企業資產負債表正以幾年前完全唔同嘅方法擁抱加密貨幣。

