2025年黃金價格創下歷史新高,每盎司飆至3400美元。其主要推手是央行和機構在經濟不確定下,前所未有地湧向避險資產。
這已連續第三年,2024年全球央行淨買入黃金超過1,000公噸——這在過去長達數十年呈現淨賣出後成為重大逆轉。WisdomTree的Christopher Gannatti指出:「這並不尋常。數十年來,央行都是黃金淨賣家,現在卻重新大量囤積。」世界黃金協會表示,中央銀行黃金購買明顯加速,從過去十年的年均400–500噸暴增,折射地緣政治與貨幣風險升高。在近期調查中,有高達95%的央行官員預計未來12個月全球黃金儲備還會繼續成長,顯示黃金在儲備管理上的重要性大增。
官方大量買盤也與金市基金資金流入齊頭並進。僅2025年上半年,全球黃金ETF就錄得近380億美元的淨流入,創五年來新高,增加持有量397.1公噸。至2025年6月底,ETF總持金達3,616噸,是2022年以來高點。資金流向反映機構對黃金避險需求。據世界黃金協會,美國上市黃金ETF領跑(2025年上半年增持206.8噸),但亞洲基金也增持104噸(資產雖僅占9%),全球避險熱潮明顯。ETF持續買盤為現貨黃金提供了穩定需求,減少可用供應,同步支撐高價。
多重宏觀經濟力量推動新一輪「黃金熱」。地緣政治升溫與貿易爭端——特別是在現任川普政府下升級的中美貿易戰——加劇貨幣武器化和全球金融動盪的憂慮。2025年,川普總統激進的關稅政策和貿易強硬做法,同時讓投資人和各國央行神經緊繃。根據WGC調查,59%的央行認為貿易糾紛與關稅對儲備管理具關聯性。主要經濟體角力下,不少國家加碼黃金儲備,作為對抗美元風險的中性資產。
通膨疑慮進一步加深黃金吸引力。經濟學家Peter Schiff強調,頑固通膨是黃金強勢的主因之一。歷經疫情後一度緊縮,通膨壓力在美國再現,且新關稅政策預期將使生產與消費成本於2025年下半年續升。美聯準會官員對降息展望轉趨保守,如晨星首席美國經濟學家Preston Caldwell近期因通膨再起而延後降息預期。6月Fed也暗示,只要通膨高於目標,升息週期恐難調整收緩。在價格攀升與Fed保持警戒背景下,黃金避險地位再升溫。至2025年中,黃金年漲幅已達三成,4月甚至短暫衝破每盎司3,500美元,幾乎是2022年初的兩倍。
地緣對立、貨幣波動與通膨恐懼三重疊加,形塑撐托金市的「完美風暴」。傳統避險需求遍及央行金庫與ETF組合。但在加密領域,也帶動新型載體——黃金穩定幣的熱潮。這類數位代幣由實體黃金作為支撐,成為投資黃金創新方式。面對2025年的不確定氛圍,黃金穩定幣價格隨著現貨金屢創新高同步走揚,讓投資人同時擁有黃金長期穩定與區塊鏈靈活便捷的特性。以下我們將檢視黃金穩定幣市場主流代幣的版圖,並比較其表現。
黃金穩定幣崛起
黃金穩定幣係指與實體黃金儲備掛鉤的數位資產,每枚代幣通常代表特定數量的黃金(例如一枚等同一盎司純金),並由發行方安全存放在金庫。其性質類似區塊鏈上的黃金ETF或數位金證書,用戶無須煩惱實體貨存與保險就能參與黃金漲跌。與法幣掛鉤穩定幣不同,黃金穩定幣的價格隨現貨黃金市場波動,而非固定於某一法定貨幣。因此對黃金而言相對「穩定」,但以美元計價仍會浮動(如同金價)。2025年,多數主流黃金穩定幣以美元價值計算12個月已同步漲幅約40%,與現貨金的升勢一致。
代幣化黃金的優勢在於,黃金的避險屬性融合了加密貨幣的易攜性與高分割性。投資人如同購買加密貨幣般容易取得黃金代幣,24小時可全球轉帳,實體金條難以比擬。代幣通常允許細分到小數點後多位,便於小資金門檻入場。業界報告指出:「XAU₮集實體黃金的安全性、長期價值穩定、完全兌換等優點,並兼具數位資產的可攜、快速與分割特性。」因此對想讓資產有實體支撐的加密用戶或通膨避險者,都具有吸引力,同時也可融入加密生態與DeFi應用。
最關鍵的是,具規模信譽的黃金穩定幣百分百有償付能力並可稽核。發行商維持與流通代幣等值的實體黃金儲備,並定期公開報告。例如Tether Gold與Pax Gold(目前市場兩強)均進行獨立鑒證,確認每枚代幣都1:1由投資級黃金支撐。這種透明度對重建用戶信任(尤其對比早期算法或擔保不足型穩定幣的爭議)極其重要。許多黃金穩定幣甚至強調比法幣穩定幣更有保障,因其有實物儲備為後盾。更進一步,多數還允許持有人按規定金額與手續費換回實體黃金(細節後述)。
事實上,雖然黃金穩定幣已問世數年,始終屬於加密市場的小眾賽道——直到近期。2025年隨金價急升與經濟動盪,數位黃金吸引力暴增。對因監管疑慮與儲備透明性而對法幣穩定幣卻步的投資人,黃金穩定幣以其全球信任的實物擔保帶來定心丸。黃金穩定幣總市值因此大幅成長,至2025年年中,總體市值突破17億美元,較去年大幅增長,來自新發行與金價雙重推升。雖然相比超過1,200億美元的法幣穩定幣市場占比仍小,但強勁成長動能明顯。
同時,越來越多新平台和機構投入服務代幣化黃金。部分前瞻銀行與金融科技公司也在探索推出黃金代幣服務。值得一提的是,最大穩定幣發行商Tether,甚至推出了新型混合穩定幣「Alloy」,由黃金與美元各持50%作為儲備,結合USD₮的穩定性和XAU₮的抗通膨優勢。在DeFi領域,越來越多協議接受黃金代幣作為抵押品或流動性,擴大實用場景。這些發展顯示黃金穩定幣已逐漸成熟。
值得注意,不是所有黃金穩定幣都同質。接下來會分析2025年市場最主流、規模最大的黃金穩定幣特性、使用場景與成效。兩大領先品牌分別是Tether Gold(XAU₮)與Pax Gold(PAXG),兩者合佔黃金穩定幣市場絕大多數。此外,我們亦會簡述其他亮點方案——如官方背景代幣、伊斯蘭合規產品等,並探討推動該領域仍屬小眾的主要挑戰。
Tether Gold(XAU₮):穩定幣巨擘的數位黃金
Tether Gold(XAU₮)於2020年1月發行,迅速成為全球最大規模黃金穩定幣之一。發行方TG Commodities Ltd(Tether Holdings子公司)每枚XAU₮對應倫敦良好交割金條一盎司實體黃金,黃金儲存在瑞士金庫,Tether定期公布由BDO Italia等第三方審計的儲備證明。截至2025年第二季,Tether Gold的儲備金超過7.66公噸,安全存放於瑞士金庫,對應流通約24.65萬枚XAU₮,約為25.9萬盎司黃金,市值約八億美元(2025年6月底)。根據Tether最新證明報告,每枚發行代幣皆有等量實體黃金擔保,並同時公開金條序號與細節。 made available for token holders to verify.
如同其美元穩定幣兄弟 USD₮,XAU₮ 也受益於 Tether 強大的品牌與全球用戶基礎。該代幣目前在多個主流交易所積極交易,包括 Bitfinex(Tether 旗下交易所)、Bybit、KuCoin 與 BingX。近期,它也拓展到東南亞市場——例如,泰國 Maxbit 交易所 2025 年將 XAU₮ 上線,讓用戶以泰銖直接取得該代幣。XAU₮ 最初於以太坊(Ethereum)以 ERC-20 代幣型態發行,之後也支援 Tron 的 TRC-20 網路,從而實現更便宜、更快速的轉帳。不過,截至 2025 年初,XAU₮ 僅限上述兩條公鏈(以太坊與 Tron)流通。為了擴展在整體加密生態的覆蓋範圍,Tether 於 2025 年年中推出一款跨鏈版本「XAUt0」,採 LayerZero 的跨鏈標準,允許 Tether Gold 無需包裹即可在多條公鏈之間無縫流通。該版本首先於 The Open Network(TON,Telegram 關聯鏈)上線,並計畫於 2025 年第三季以前擴至更多 DeFi 為主軸的區塊鏈。這一舉措旨在將黃金代幣完全 DeFi 化,讓它能如同 USDT 一樣方便地充當借貸協議抵押品,或在去中心化交易所中交易。隨著這些創新,Tether Gold 在加密市場中的可及性與流動性正在顯著提高。
市場表現:2024 年中至 2025 年中的 12 個月內,XAU₮ 以美元計算約有 40% 報酬,緊貼黃金價格漲勢。該代幣價格基本與現貨黃金價同步(僅有些微買賣價差),2025 年 7 月時單枚 XAU₮ 約在 3,300~3,400 美元間成交。XAU₮ 交易量有所成長,雖然與主流法幣穩定幣相比仍屬溫和。平常日均交易額約 1,000~2,000 萬美元,2025 年高峰時 24 小時交易量更突破 1.5 億美元。隨著多家交易所與鏈上 DEX 池的上架,流動性更深。值得注意的是 Tether 推出 XAUt0(並整合進 Telegram 錢包,有望觸及數以百萬計用戶)未來有望大幅推動 XAU₮ 零售層級的應用。截止 2025 年 6 月,CoinGecko 排名 XAU₮ 為市值最大的黃金支援加密代幣,市值約 8.32 億美元(當時略高於 Pax Gold)。
主要特色與注意事項:Tether Gold 理論上允許持有人將代幣兌換成實體黃金,但實務上此兌換流程針對大額持有者。根據 Tether 條款,兌換 1 條 LBMA 標準 400 盎司金條需至少 430 枚 XAU₮,這意味你必須擁有超過 140 萬美元等值的 XAU₮,並通過 TG Commodities 完整 KYC。小額持有者無法直接向 Tether 兌換少量金幣或金盎司,只能在交易所賣出兌換現金。Tether 官方最低直接認購為 50 枚 XAU₮(約 16.5 萬美元),顯示其直營重心在機構與高資產族群。這些限制雖使小型用戶提領受限,但其實與傳統黃金 ETF 類似,ETF 通常只有認可參與者可提領多條金條。對於多數散戶,XAU₮ 更像是一種交易與存儲工具,以獲得黃金敞口,而非申請實體黃金。
透明度與法規面,Tether 也有若干增強 XAU₮ 信心的舉措。XAU₮ 的黃金資產經審計並有保險,並於 2023 年初將法律架構遷至薩爾瓦多的「數位資產發行法(Digital Asset Issuance law)」監管下。選擇薩爾瓦多(有利於加密法規)為 Tether 商品型代幣提供一個合規落腳點。不過,值得注意的是,Tether Gold 不受美國監管機構監督(與競爭對手 Pax Gold 不同)。對一些風險趨避型投資者而言,這仍是考量重點,畢竟 Tether 過去在美元穩定幣儲備透明性上屢受質疑。不過,由於 XAU₮ 具備一對一對應(金不允許再抵押或杠杆化),儲備機制算是直觀且明確。每枚代幣對應一支帶有編號的金條或金條份額,持有人甚至可於 Tether 網站用錢包地址查詢對應標的。
總結來說,2025 年的 Tether Gold 結合了大量實體黃金儲備與 Tether 生態系的高流動性,是數位黃金領域的先驅。它吸引了多元族群——包括因應波動而將資產暫存黃金的加密交易者,以及在通脹地區偏好黃金而非美元的長期持有人。XAU₮ 不論在市值還是整合度上的成長,反映了數位資產逐漸向商品背書穩定幣轉型,並有望成為加密格局中的長期基礎設施。
Pax Gold (PAXG):區塊鏈上合規監管的黃金
Pax Gold (PAXG) 是黃金支援型代幣領域的另一巨擘,其訴求與 Tether Gold 略有不同——提供極度合規、友善機構的代幣化黃金管道。它由紐約 Paxos Trust Company 於 2019 年底推出,是 ERC-20 代幣,每枚代表倫敦專業金庫存放的「London Good Delivery」標準金條的一純金盎司。Paxos 身為經紐約州金融服務局(NYDFS)監管的合格託管人與信託公司,PAXG 在嚴格的監管下運作。Paxos 每月都會公佈經第三方審計師驗證的聲明報告證明 PAXG 供應完全由保管庫內已分配的實體黃金支援。PAXG 支援的黃金條由國際知名的 Brinks 金庫保管(LBMA 認可),每支金條都具備獨立編號、純度與重量。Paxos 亦提供線上查詢工具,持有人可用自己的錢包地址查詢所分配金條之編號和細節,實現鏡像透明,可追蹤每單位背後的 實際 黃金資產。
截至 2025 年 7 月底,Pax Gold 流通量約 281,750 枚代幣,相當於約 8.76 噸受託保管金。金價約 3,350 美元/盎司時,PAXG 市值約 9.4 億美元,為市值最大黃金加密代幣(這一排名依金價波動與 XAU₮ 互有上下)。Pax Gold 一直呈現穩健成長,反映出傳統與機構型加密參與者的強勁需求。
流動性與市場管道:PAXG 擁有黃金代幣中最強交易流動性,部分歸功於 Paxos 的品牌信譽及與多平台的整合。該幣已於全球多家主流加密貨幣交易所上架,如 Binance、Kraken、Coinbase、Crypto.com 等。在全球最大交易所之一的 Binance,PAXG 與穩定幣及多種貨幣兌對有大量成交量,顯著增加了市場深度。2025 年中,PAXG 日均交易量穩定達 6,000~8,000 萬美元,約為 XAU₮ 同期 2~3 倍。這份厚實流動性的主因是合規與信任:許多交易所與業者願意經手 PAXG,因為它由長期穩健的監管金融機構發行(Paxos 同時也發行美元穩定幣 USDP,並為 PayPal 加密業務提供基礎設施)。PAXG 也可於多個金融科技平台購得,例如 Uphold 等投資 App 提供 PAXG 直接選購,並用「數位黃金」行銷吸引用戶。此外,Pax Gold 支援 24/7 交易且可存入任一支援 Ethereum 的錢包,比傳統黃金投資載體靈活許多。
可兌換性與手續費:Paxos 讓 PAXG 相對更容易入手,沒有最低持有門檻,交易所可購買 0.01 PAXG 甚至更小單元。代幣創建與銷毀(鏈上換回法幣)手續費也很低(Paxos 每筆銷毀約收 0.02 PAXG 的費用)。但與 Tether Gold 類似,若要直接兌領實體金條(London Good Delivery 金條)需達 430 枚 PAXG(約等同 400 盎司)。這意味一般小額持有人無法直接索取金條,只能賣出 PAXG 兌換現金,或透過 Paxos 合作的金條分銷商進行小額實體兌換。Paxos 與經銷商 Alpha Bullion 合作,可協助將 PAXG 轉換為小額金製品或現金,無需湊齊 430 盎司,對普通投資人來說物理提金更為靈活。即使如此,絕大多數 PAXG 持有人依然將其作為交易與儲值工具,並不實際申領金條。Paxos 不收取 PAXG 的保管費(倉儲成本已反映在小額上鏈費與價差),總持有成本與黃金 ETF 費率相當甚至更低。
合規監管與安全保障:Pax Gold 的最大賣點就是其合規地位,它是極少數「受監管的數位商品」之一。Paxos 機構由 NYDFS 監管,須符合資本要求與消費者保護規範。PAXG 法律上可兌換黃金,持有人作為 Paxos 信託架構下的實體黃金受益人。即便 Paxos 萬一破產,金條資產依法隔離,理應不受破產清算影響,這讓機構投資人及不信任離岸發行商的個人更安心。此外,PAXG 的合規性讓其often treated more favorably by exchanges in jurisdictions with strict regulations. For example, PAXG has been green-listed by regulators in certain places where unregulated tokens might face hurdles.
在嚴格監管法域中,交易所通常會對此類代幣給予較優惠的待遇。例如,PAXG 已經在某些地方獲得監管機構的綠名單認可,而未經監管的代幣則可能面臨更多障礙。
Integration in DeFi and traditional finance: PAXG has also found usage in the burgeoning DeFi (Decentralized Finance) world. Its presence on Ethereum means it can be plugged into smart contracts. Indeed, PAXG is accepted as collateral on some DeFi lending platforms and protocols. MakerDAO, the issuer of the DAI stablecoin, has incorporated PAXG as a collateral asset in its system, allowing users to lock PAXG and borrow DAI against it. Other platforms like Compound have also considered or enabled PAXG markets, given its stability and liquidity. This effectively lets crypto users borrow against tokenized gold – mimicking how one might take a loan against gold holdings – but all on-chain. Outside of DeFi, even some traditional financial firms have shown interest: for instance, in late 2022 Paxos won approval to list PAXG on the Société Générale’s digital asset platform in Europe, and some gold investment funds have contemplated using PAXG for liquidity. These integrations point to PAXG’s role as a bridge between traditional gold markets and digital finance.
整合至 DeFi 與傳統金融:PAXG 也已在快速發展的 DeFi(去中心化金融)領域找到應用。由於它存在於以太坊上,因此可被嵌入智慧合約。實際上,PAXG 已被部分 DeFi 借貸平台和協議接受為抵押品。例如,DAI 穩定幣的發行方 MakerDAO,已將 PAXG 納入其系統作為抵押資產,允許使用者鎖定 PAXG 來借出 DAI。其他平台如 Compound 也因其穩定性和流動性而考慮或已開放 PAXG 市場。這等於讓加密用戶得以將代幣化黃金作為擔保借款——模仿傳統以黃金質押借貸的模式,但一切都在鏈上完成。在 DeFi 之外,一些傳統金融機構也表現出興趣:例如,2022 年底 Paxos 獲准在歐洲法興銀行(Société Générale)的數位資產平台上上架 PAXG,並有黃金投資基金考慮用 PAXG 強化流動性。上述整合展現了 PAXG 作為傳統黃金市場與數位金融之間橋樑的角色。
In sum, Pax Gold distinguishes itself as a trustworthy, liquid, and institution-ready gold token. It aims to make gold investment as easy as crypto trading, while providing confidence that the tokens are as good as gold in the vault. For investors who prioritize regulatory compliance and the option of eventual redemption, PAXG is often the gold stablecoin of choice. Its slight lead in market cap and higher trading volumes (compared to XAU₮) reflect that many view it as the gold standard (no pun intended) of commodity tokens – one with the pedigree to potentially attract even larger inflows if the trend of tokenization continues.
總結來說,Pax Gold 以值得信賴、高度流動、且適合機構使用的黃金代幣自我定位。其目標是讓黃金投資變得像交易加密貨幣一樣簡便,同時讓持幣者相信這些代幣就如同庫存黃金那般安全可靠。對於重視法規合規性及最終可兌現選項的投資者而言,PAXG 經常是首選的黃金穩定幣。其市值略勝一籌、交易量也高於 XAU₮,顯示許多人視其為商品型代幣的黃金標準(不只是語帶雙關),並有潛力在未來代幣化趨勢下吸引更多資金流入。
Other Notable Gold-Backed Tokens in the Market
其他市場上值得注意的黃金支持代幣
Beyond the two juggernauts XAU₮ and PAXG, the gold-backed crypto space features a variety of smaller and niche projects. While none of these has (so far) achieved the scale of the top two, they are worth understanding as they often target specific use cases or regions. Here we survey some of the other gold-backed stablecoins available in 2025 and how they fit into the market:
除了 XAU₮ 和 PAXG 這兩大龍頭之外,黃金加密貨幣領域還有許多規模較小、定位較為專精的專案。雖然至今沒有任何一項能達到前兩大代幣的規模,但這些專案往往針對特定用途或地區,因此仍值得關注。以下我們概述 2025 年市面上其他黃金支持穩定幣,以及它們在市場上的定位:
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Perth Mint Gold Token (PMGT): Launched in 2019, PMGT is a tokenized version of physical gold certificates from Australia’s Perth Mint (which is owned by the Government of Western Australia). Each PMGT represents 1 troy ounce of gold secured by the Perth Mint and guaranteed by the state government. Uniquely, PMGT has zero storage fees and is one of the few gold tokens backed by government-guaranteed gold. However, it has seen minimal adoption: PMGT trading volumes are negligible (often under a few hundred dollars daily). It is mainly obtainable via the Perth Mint’s app and a couple of platforms, which has limited its reach. PMGT demonstrates that even with a strong backing, a token needs exchange liquidity and wider integration to succeed.
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Perth Mint Gold Token(PMGT):於 2019 年推出,是澳洲伯斯鑄幣廠(由西澳州政府擁有)實體黃金憑證的代幣化版本。每顆 PMGT 代表一個金衡盎司的黃金,由伯斯鑄幣廠托管並由州政府擔保。獨特之處在於 PMGT 無保存費用,是極少數由政府擔保黃金支持的代幣之一。然而其市場採用度極低:交易量微乎其微(通常每日僅數百美元),主要只能通過伯斯鑄幣廠的應用程式及少數平台取得,侷限了其市場觸及。PMGT 展示了即便有強力背書,代幣若缺乏交易所流動性與更深層整合,仍難以成功。
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DigixGlobal (DGX): One of the earliest gold token projects, Digix pioneered gold-backed tokens on Ethereum as far back as 2016. 1 DGX token = 1 gram of gold (as opposed to the 1 oz standard of others). The gold is stored in Singapore and Canada under Digix’s custody, and the project underwent audits and a robust on-chain asset tracking system. DGX gained attention in the 2017–2018 era as a novel idea, but over time its usage declined. It has some built-in fees (storage and transaction fees) which may have hampered its competitiveness. By 2025, DGX volumes are very thin, and it’s listed on only a few niche exchanges. DigixDAO, the governing body that launched DGX, even dissolved and returned funds to token holders in 2020, raising questions about long-term support. DGX still exists as a functional token, but it represents a cautionary tale that being first doesn’t guarantee enduring market share if the ecosystem doesn’t grow.
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DigixGlobal(DGX):作為最早的黃金代幣項目之一,Digix 早在 2016 年就在以太坊上發起金本位代幣。1 枚 DGX = 1 克黃金(與其他以 1 盎司為主流標準不同)。黃金存放於新加坡和加拿大,專案配合定期審計及完善的鏈上資產追蹤系統。DGX 在 2017–2018 年間因創新概念曾受到高度關注,但隨著時間推進,其使用率逐漸下滑。DGX 內建一定儲存與交易手續費,或已降低其競爭力。至 2025 年,DGX 市場交易極為稀少,只在少數利基型交易所掛牌。其治理組織 DigixDAO 也已於 2020 年解散並返還資金給持有人,導致外界質疑其長期支持。DGX 目前雖仍為可用代幣,但成為警示案例——搶得先機,不代表生態系未壯大時能長保市佔。
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AurusGOLD (AWG): Aurus is a platform that partnered with precious metals dealers to tokenize gold, silver, and platinum. AWG tokens correspond to 1 gram of 99.99% gold from LBMA-certified refineries. The project’s model involves revenue sharing with vault providers and a network of brokers. Aurus has marketed itself in parts of Europe, the Middle East, and Latin America. While innovative, AWG remains a minor player; its market activity is sparse (volume data often not even reported). Nonetheless, Aurus carved a niche among some bullion dealers who offer its tokens to customers as an alternative to physical delivery.
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AurusGOLD(AWG):Aurus 是與貴金屬經銷商合作,將黃金、白銀與鉑金代幣化的平臺。AWG 代表 1 克 99.99% 純度、來自 LBMA 認證精煉廠的黃金。其商業模式包括與保管庫及經紀商網絡分潤。Aurus 主要在歐洲、中東與拉丁美洲推廣。雖然創新,AWG 仍屬小眾;市場活動稀少(成交量數據多數未公開)。但在部分金條業者間建立了獨特定位,作為現貨黃金交付的替代品提供給客戶。
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Kinesis Gold (KAU): Kinesis is a UK-based company that created a digital currency system backed by precious metals. KAU tokens represent 1 gram of gold allocated in various vaults worldwide. Kinesis has an entire monetary ecosystem, including a companion silver token (KAG) and even a yield system where transaction fees are shared among users (so holding KAU can earn a yield, incentivizing use as a currency). KAU has gained a following particularly in some gold enthusiast communities and in Indonesia (where a regional bank integrated it). However, in broader crypto markets, KAU is not widely traded – daily volumes were only around $170k in mid-2025. Much of its activity occurs on Kinesis’s proprietary exchange and platform rather than public crypto exchanges, which limits its visibility. Kinesis’s approach is ambitious, essentially trying to create a gold-based alternative monetary system; its relative lack of crossover into mainstream crypto finance, though, keeps it in a smaller league for now.
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Kinesis Gold(KAU):Kinesis 為一家總部在英國的公司,打造了一套由貴金屬支持的數位貨幣體系。KAU 代表全球多個保管庫指定的 1 克黃金。Kinesis 擁有完整貨幣生態,包括對應的白銀代幣(KAG)、甚至回饋體系——交易手續費將分配給使用者,持有 KAU 可帶來收益,鼓勵將其作為貨幣流通。KAU 在部份黃金愛好者社群及印尼(有地區性銀行整合)有穩定支持。然而在加密市場整體,KAU 流通度有限——2025 年中日成交量僅約 17 萬美元,且多數交易集中於 Kinesis 自家交易所與平台,鮮見於主流加密所,降低其可見度。Kinesis 的野心在於打造以黃金為本位的替代貨幣體系;不過現階段滲透主流加密金融的力度有限,仍屬於較小型玩家。
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Comtech Gold (CGO): An emerging project based out of the UAE, Comtech Gold issues tokens on the XDC (XinFin) blockchain representing 1 gram of gold each. It is notable for being Shariah-compliant, aiming to cater to Islamic finance markets where compliance with Shariah law is crucial for investor adoption. Each CGO token is fully backed by physical gold stored in Dubai, audited by reputed vaults, and the project received a Shariah certification in 2022. Comtech Gold saw a bit of traction as it aligned with Middle Eastern investor preferences; it even achieved daily trading volumes around $1–2 million at times – higher than most minor gold tokens – thanks to listings on exchanges like Bitrue and DigiFinex, and the support of gold dealers in the Gulf region. While still small compared to PAXG/XAU₮, CGO shows how region-specific factors (like Shariah compliance) can carve a niche in the gold token space. It also demonstrates multichain expansion, being on XDC network (which is optimized for finance and has low fees), differentiating it from the Ethereum-based pack.
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Comtech Gold(CGO):這個新興專案總部位於阿聯酋,在 XDC(XinFin)區塊鏈上發行,1 枚 CGO 代表 1 克黃金。它最大的特色是符合伊斯蘭教法(Shariah-compliance),專為需遵循教法規範的伊斯蘭金融市場設計。每顆 CGO 皆以存放於杜拜並由知名保管庫審計的實體黃金全額支持,項目也在 2022 年獲得 Shariah 認證。CGO 隨著符合中東投資者偏好而獲得一定市場接受度,日成交量有時達 100–200 萬美元——遠高於多數小型黃金代幣,得力於在 Bitrue、DigiFinex 等交易所掛牌,以及海灣地區黃金商協力。雖然與 PAXG/XAU₮ 相比仍屬小型,但 CGO 示範了地區特有因素(如 Shariah 規範)可在黃金代幣市場中占有一席之地。CGO 也拓展多鏈生態,基於 XDC 網絡(註重金融應用且手續費低),有別於以太坊競品。
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VNX Gold (VNXAU): Launched by Luxembourg-based fintech VNX, VNX Gold tokens correspond to physical gold bars stored in Liechtenstein. VNXAU is regulated under Luxembourg’s financial laws and targets European investors with a token that can be traded on both Ethereum and other networks (VNX enabled a version on Binance Smart Chain and others). It promotes compliance and origin-traceability of its gold. Despite these features, VNXAU’s market presence is minor; its daily volume was under $100k in mid-2025. Like other smaller tokens, limited exchange listings and competition from bigger players kept it mostly off the radar of average crypto users.
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VNX Gold(VNXAU):由盧森堡金融科技公司 VNX 發行,VNX Gold 代幣對應存放於列支敦斯登的現貨黃金條。VNXAU 受盧森堡金融法規監管,針對歐洲投資人推出,並實現以太坊及多條區塊鏈掛牌(如啟用 Binance Smart Chain 版本)。VNX 強調合規性與黃金來源可追蹤性。儘管具備上述特質,VNXAU 市場能見度偏低,2025 年中日成交量不到十萬美元。與其他小型代幣類似,受限於交易所上架不足及大型競品壓力,難以被一般用戶關注。
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GoldCoin (GLC): An unusual entrant, GoldCoin positions itself as a decentralized, mineable cryptocurrency pegged to gold. Instead of being directly redeemable, the project claims that 1,000 GLC tokens correspond to one ounce of gold, effectively making each GLC equal to 0.001 oz of gold. It’s also a Proof-of-Work coin, which is rare among stable-value assets. The idea is to combine gold’s stability with a Bitcoin-like decentralized mining model. However, maintaining a peg via mining incentives is challenging, and GLC’s real-world trading shows it’s thinly traded and not widely trusted as a stablecoin. The project’s long-term viability and backing mechanism are somewhat unclear; there’s no evidence of an audited gold reserve for GLC akin to PAXG or XAU₮. With only a few hundred dollars of volume a day, GoldCoin remains more of a curiosity than a significant market player.
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GoldCoin(GLC):GLC 屬於較少見的參與者,定位為一種去中心化、可挖礦且以黃金為本位的加密貨幣。它並未直接提供兌換,而是聲稱 1,000 枚 GLC 對應 1 盎司黃金(等於每個 GLC 為 0.001 盎司),且是少數採 Proof-of-Work 機制的穩值幣。旨在結合黃金的穩定性與比特幣式挖礦分散模式。然而,單靠挖礦激勵維持錨定難度高,GLC 的現實交易表現亦顯示其交易量稀疏,作為穩定幣的信任度不高。該計畫的長遠可行性及資產保障機制存疑,目前並無如 PAXG 或 XAU₮ 這類經審計的黃金儲備資料。每日只有數百美元交易,GLC 更多是市場的好奇點而非重要參與者。
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Miscellaneous and Newcomers: There are several other tokens and initiatives, each with unique twists: Meld Gold (MCAU) in Australia uses the Algorand blockchain to tokenize gold and integrate with the Melbourne Mint; Cash Telex (CTLX) claims to link a diversified gold portfolio to a token and even integrate NFTs (though it’s relatively obscure); AABB Gold (AABBG) is a token issued by a mining company (Asia Broadband) intended to be backed by gold assets and used in their own crypto wallet – it’s more of a corporate project and hasn’t gained broad adoption. We also see traditional bullion dealers launching token platforms (for instance, bullion banks experimenting with blockchain for settlement). Many of these ventures are in exploratory stages and their tokens have little liquidity.
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其他及新興專案:市面上亦有其他各具特色的黃金代幣及方案。例如澳洲 Meld Gold(MCAU)採用 Algorand 區塊鏈將黃金代幣化,並結合墨爾本鑄幣廠;Cash Telex(CTLX)主打結合多元化黃金投組與 NFT(雖然相對小眾);AABB Gold(AABBG)則由礦業公司亞洲寬頻發行,主打以金礦資產支撐並於自家錢包流通——較屬企業自用性質,未見廣泛採納。亦有傳統金條業者積極推出自家代幣化平台(例如金條銀行測試區塊鏈結算機制)。這些計畫多處於探索階段,流動性極低。
The overall pattern in 2025 is that, outside of PAXG and XAU₮, gold-backed stablecoins have fragmented, low-liquidity markets. According to market analysis, PAXG and XAU₮ together constitute the vast bulk of trading volume and market cap in this sector, whereas the rest have “negligible or unavailable volume data, suggesting minimal market presence”. For example, KAU and VNXAU trade only tens of thousands of dollars a day, and some tokens like CACHE Gold (CGT) – which once offered 1 gram tokens redeemable from vaults in Singapore – are actually winding down operations by late 2025 due to insufficient uptake. This fragmentation means an investor looking beyond the top two would find very limited liquidity and perhaps difficulty entering/exiting positions in those tokens.
2025 年市場呈現的總體趨勢是,除 PAXG 和 XAU₮ 外,其他黃金支持穩定幣呈現碎片化及低流動性的格局。根據市場分析,PAXG 與 XAU₮ 已佔據本區塊交易量與市值的絕大多數,其餘代幣則「成交量極低或資料付之闕如,顯示市佔甚少」。例如 KAU、VNXAU 每日交易僅幾萬美元,且如 CACHE Gold(CGT)這類原本可於新加坡保管庫兌現的 1 克黃金代幣,甚至於 2025 年底逐步結束營運,原因是需求不足。這種市場碎片化下,若投資人希望考慮前兩大以外的選項,會發現流動性極低、進出場困難重重。
In practice, gold stablecoins find most of their user base in specific regions or communities. Middle Eastern and
實務上,黃金穩定幣的主要用戶群多集中於特定地區或社群。中東及…some Asian markets, where gold has cultural significance, have shown relatively stronger interest in tokens like CGO, KAU, or XAU₮. In these areas, gold-backed tokens may be used for long-term savings, wealth preservation, or Shariah-compliant investment vehicles. For instance, a family office in the UAE might hold CGO as a digital proxy for part of its gold allocation, or an Indonesian investor might use KAU on Kinesis’s platform to save in gold grams and spend via a debit card. By contrast, in Western markets and the broader crypto trading space, the usage of gold tokens remains mostly as a store-of-value play or speculative trade rather than a medium of exchange. It’s telling that gold-backed coins have not penetrated DeFi or payments to the extent dollar stablecoins have – you won’t see people quoting DeFi yields in XAU₮ or paying for coffee with PAXG. Gold simply isn’t the unit of account in the crypto economy (or the global economy), which limits these tokens’ role to that of an investment or hedging instrument.
某些亞洲市場,由於黃金具有文化意義,對 CGO、KAU 或 XAU₮ 等代幣展現出相對更高的興趣。在這些地區,黃金支持型代幣可能被用於長期儲蓄、資產保值,或遵循伊斯蘭教法的投資工具。例如,阿聯酋的家族辦公室可能將 CGO 作為部份黃金配置的數位代表,或者印尼投資人會在 Kinesis 平台上用 KAU 來以黃金克儲蓄並透過金融卡消費。相較之下,在西方市場和更廣泛的加密貨幣交易領域,黃金代幣大多僅作為價值儲存手段或投機性交易,而非交換媒介。值得注意的是,黃金支持型代幣在 DeFi 或支付領域的滲透遠不及美元穩定幣——你不會看到有人用 XAU₮ 計算 DeFi 收益,或用 PAXG 買咖啡。黃金並非加密經濟(或全球經濟)中的記帳單位,這也限制了這類代幣只能作為投資或避險工具的角色。
Comparing the Leaders: XAU₮ vs PAXG (and Others)
It’s instructive to directly compare Tether Gold (XAU₮) and Pax Gold (PAXG), as they exemplify two approaches to the same idea. Both give exposure to gold on-chain, but there are differences in their design and market profile:
領頭羊比較:XAU₮ vs PAXG(及其他)
直接比較 Tether Gold(XAU₮)和 Pax Gold(PAXG)頗具啟發性,因為它們代表了同一概念下的兩種實現方式。兩者都讓使用者能在鏈上接觸黃金,但在設計及市場輪廓上存在不同:
- Issuer and Regulation: XAU₮ is issued by Tether, an offshore company (now operating under El Salvador’s crypto laws) known for its USDT stablecoin; it is not formally regulated by U.S. authorities. PAXG is issued by Paxos, a U.S.-regulated trust company under NYDFS oversight, making it one of the most regulated crypto assets. This means PAXG follows stricter compliance (KYC/AML for direct issuance, etc.), whereas XAU₮, while it requires verification for direct purchase/redemption, can circulate more freely among crypto users without issuer interaction. Some risk-averse investors or institutions may prefer PAXG’s regulatory clarity, while others are comfortable with Tether’s track record and enjoy its flexibility.
- 發行方與監管:XAU₮ 由離岸公司 Tether 發行(現於薩爾瓦多加密法規下營運),以 USDT 穩定幣著稱;它未受到美國官方監管。PAXG 則由美國受 NYDFS 監管的信託公司 Paxos 發行,是最受監管的加密資產之一。這代表 PAXG 遵循更嚴格的規範(直接發行需做 KYC/AML 驗證等),而 XAU₮ 只在直接購買或贖回時需驗證,平時可在加密用戶間自由流通、無需發行方介入。部分風險偏好低的投資人或機構偏好 PAXG 的監管明朗度,而其他人則對 Tether 的記錄有信心,也喜歡它的彈性。
- Custody of Gold: Both are backed by London Good Delivery gold bars, but in different locations. XAU₮’s gold is held in Swiss vaults (through a custodian on Tether’s behalf). PAXG’s gold is in London, held by Brink’s, a well-known bullion custodian. In practice, both storage arrangements are high-security and audited. Swiss vaults are prized for neutrality and safety, while London has the advantage of being the historic center of the gold trade (and within the LBMA chain of integrity).
- 黃金託管:兩者都以倫敦合格交割金條作為支撐,但儲存地不同。XAU₮ 部分託管於瑞士金庫(由第三方為 Tether 持有),PAXG 則存放於倫敦,由知名金庫 Brinks 託管。兩種儲存方式皆具高安全性並有稽核。瑞士金庫以中立與安全著稱;倫敦則是黃金貿易的歷史重鎮,屬於 LBMA 誠信鏈之內。
- Transparency and Audits: Tether provides attestations (typically quarterly) for XAU₮ via accounting firms like BDO, confirming ounces held vs tokens outstanding. Paxos provides monthly attestations for PAXG and, as a trust, must report holdings to regulators. Additionally, Paxos offers that nifty bar lookup tool for PAXG so holders can see which bar their token corresponds to, whereas Tether publishes a list of gold bar details and a total but doesn’t necessarily tie specific tokens to specific bars on a per-user basis (except through requests). Both are quite transparent compared to many crypto projects – a necessity given the demands of precious metal investors.
- 透明度及稽核:Tether 會委託如 BDO 等會計事務所,每季對 XAU₮ 發布資產證明,確認黃金盎司與未償代幣相符。Paxos 每月對 PAXG 發布證明,身為信託還需向監管單位申報資產。此外,Paxos 提供條碼查詢工具可讓用戶看到自己代幣對應哪一根金條,而 Tether 則公布黃金條持有清單及總數,但並不一定逐用戶綁定條碼(除非特殊請求)。相較許多加密項目,這兩者透明度皆高——這對貴金屬投資者而言是必要條件。
- Token Standards and Compatibility: XAU₮ was initially only on Ethereum (ERC-20) but also launched on Tron (TRC-20) for faster transfers. Now, with XAUt0, it’s effectively chain-agnostic, starting with TON and potentially expanding to any chain that LayerZero supports. PAXG is primarily an ERC-20 token on Ethereum. Paxos could issue it on other chains (their infrastructure is flexible), but so far the focus has remained on Ethereum, which has the deepest liquidity and institutional acceptance. In terms of DeFi, Ethereum’s ubiquity gave PAXG a leg up – it could immediately plug into Ethereum-based DeFi platforms. XAU₮ being on Tron meant it was outside the Ethereum DeFi realm, though the majority of XAU₮ (by supply) actually still lives on Ethereum too (Tron usage has been smaller). The move to omnichain for XAU₮ signals an attempt to not be left out of multi-chain DeFi opportunities.
- 代幣標準與相容性:XAU₮ 最初僅在以太坊(ERC-20)上推出,後也登上 Tron(TRC-20)以加快轉帳。現今透過 XAUt0,已可跨鏈運作,首先支持 TON,未來可隨 LayerZero 擴展至其他鏈。PAXG 主要仍是以太坊上的 ERC-20 代幣。雖然 Paxos 具備彈性可多鏈發行,現階段仍專注於以太坊,這裡流動性最深、機構接受度高。在 DeFi 方面,以太坊的普及讓 PAXG 率先整合至 DeFi 平台。XAU₮ 在 Tron 上則處於以太坊 DeFi 生態外,儘管目前大多數 XAU₮(就發行量而言)其實還是在以太坊,而 Tron 上佔比較小。XAU₮ 跨鏈的舉措意在掌握多鏈 DeFi 機會。
- Liquidity and Trading Volume: PAXG currently enjoys higher daily trading volumes and a slight edge in market cap. As noted, PAXG trades on big exchanges like Binance and Coinbase, giving it a broad audience. XAU₮ trades heavily on Bitfinex, which is popular but has a more limited user base, and on some derivatives platforms like Bybit. On-chain, PAXG has larger liquidity pools on Uniswap and is used in some yield protocols, whereas XAU₮ until recently had less presence in DeFi. According to one analysis, PAXG was averaging ~$67M daily volume vs ~$34M for XAU₮, reflecting its higher liquidity. However, XAU₮ volume did see spikes and it has been catching up as its market cap grows. Both are tiny compared to USDT (which sees tens of billions in daily volume), but within the gold token niche, they are the clear leaders – smaller tokens like Kinesis’s KAU or VNXAU have volumes in the hundreds or low thousands of dollars by comparison.
- 流動性與交易量:目前 PAXG 享有更高的日交易量與市值小幅領先。如上所述,PAXG 在幣安、Coinbase 等大型交易所交易,觸及群體廣;XAU₮ 主要在 Bitfinex 熱烈流通,該平台受歡迎但用戶基礎較窄,另也於 Bybit 等部分衍生品平台交易。鏈上方面,PAXG 在 Uniswap 有更大流動性池,也被部分收益協議採用,而 XAU₮ 直到最近才逐漸進入 DeFi。有分析顯示,PAXG 日均交易量約 6,700 萬美元,XAU₮ 約 3,400 萬美元,顯示 PAXG 更具流動性。但 XAU₮ 交易量也偶有激增,隨市值成長逐步追趕。兩者與 USDT 相比仍屬微小(USDT 日交易額常超百億美元),但在黃金代幣領域內領先,其它如 KAU、VNXAU 等小眾代幣交易量僅數百至數千美元。
- User Base and Use Cases: There might be a slight difference in their typical users. PAXG, with its regulated nature, attracts more institutional and traditional investors – for instance, a hedge fund that wants gold exposure on its crypto books, or a U.S. individual who buys through a regulated platform. XAU₮ likely has more crypto-native users and emerging market users – those already using Tether products, or people in countries like Turkey, Argentina, or Nigeria where Tether’s USDT is popular and who might also trust a Tether gold token for savings. Both tokens see interest in gold-friendly regions like the Middle East. It’s noted that gold-backed stablecoins in general have stronger footholds in Asia and the Middle East, where gold is culturally favored, often being used for long-term savings or inflation hedging. XAU₮, for example, being pushed into Thailand and integrated with Telegram (very popular in Eurasia), seems to be targeting those demographics.
- 用戶基礎與應用場景:兩者典型使用者有些差異。PAXG 受監管屬性吸引更多機構與傳統投資者——例如想在加密帳簿上暴露黃金部位的對沖基金,或透過正規管道購買的美國個人投資者。XAU₮ 則可能有更多加密原生及新興市場用戶——例如已在用 Tether 產品者,或土耳其、阿根廷、奈及利亞等 USDT 熱門國家的人,他們也可能信任 Tether 發行的黃金代幣作為儲蓄。兩者在如中東等黃金友善區域皆有一定關注。普遍來說,黃金支持型穩定幣在亞洲與中東的立足點更強,因當地文化偏好黃金,時常被用於長期儲蓄或通膨避險。舉例來說,XAU₮ 現正主攻泰國市場,並整合 Telegram(在歐亞大陸極受歡迎),顯然在鎖定這些用戶。
- Redemption Policy: Neither XAU₮ nor PAXG is ideal for redeeming small amounts of physical gold due to the 430 oz minimum for a bar (about 12.4 kg). PAXG offers slightly more avenues for partial redemption (via partners), whereas XAU₮ is essentially non-redeemable for the average person unless they accumulate a large holding. In practice, both tokens are redeemed by authorized participants or very large holders occasionally, but the vast majority of users never touch the physical gold; they trust that the backing is there if needed. This is similar to how gold ETFs function – most investors treat ETF shares as the asset, with only bullion banks interacting with the metal. One advantage tokens have is divisibility and transfer; you can send 0.001 PAXG to someone easily (worth a few dollars), which you couldn’t with an ETF share or a gold coin.
- 贖回政策:由於單一金條最小為 430 盎司(約 12.4 公斤),XAU₮ 與 PAXG 均不適合少量實體黃金贖回。PAXG 經由合作夥伴提供有限度部分贖回機會,XAU₮ 則基本上一般人很難兌換實體,除非累積大量持有。實務上,這兩種代幣主要由授權參與者或超大戶偶爾贖回,但絕大多數用戶從未接觸到實體黃金,他們相信當有需要時可受支援。這點與黃金 ETF 運作相似——多數投資人視 ETF 份額即為資產,僅金銀銀行會與金屬互動。代幣的優勢在於可細分與快捷轉移,你可以輕鬆將 0.001 枚 PAXG(幾美元價值)發給他人,而這在 ETF 份額或真的金幣上做不到。
- Fees: Both have competitive fee structures. XAU₮ doesn’t charge ongoing fees to token holders (Tether likely covers storage costs from their operations). PAXG also has no custody fee, only small creation/redemption fees. Some smaller projects like Digix charged explicit storage fees that were passed to holders (reducing their token balance over time), which made them less attractive. By contrast, PAXG and XAU₮ have effectively zero carrying cost beyond maybe a slight bid/ask spread – a boon for long-term holders.
- 費用結構:兩者費用皆極具競爭力。XAU₮ 無持有期間費用(Tether 可能由營運收益支付儲存成本),PAXG 亦免託管費,僅在創建/贖回時收取微小費用。部分小型專案如 Digix 會向持有人收取明確儲存費(持有代幣額逐年縮水),因而吸引力較弱。相比之下,PAXG 與 XAU₮ 除了買賣價差外幾乎無持有成本,對長線持有者相當有利。
To sum up, PAXG vs XAU₮ often comes down to a matter of preference and convenience: If you value regulatory compliance, have access to Binance/Coinbase, or plan to use gold in DeFi, PAXG is appealing. If you are already in the Tether ecosystem, want exposure on Tron or other chains, or prefer Tether’s liquidity networks, XAU₮ is a strong choice. Both tokens reliably track gold’s market price and have proven their 1:1 backing over several years now, so on pure safety of backing there’s little to choose between them – both have so far operated without incident or discrepancy in reserves (helping to dispel early skepticism that crypto-backed gold might not really have the gold).
總結來說,PAXG 和 XAU₮ 的選擇主要取決於偏好與便利性:若你重視合規、能使用幣安/Coinbase,或計劃在 DeFi 裡運用黃金,PAXG 是不錯的選擇;若你已在 Tether 生態圈、想在 Tron 或多鏈暴露黃金資產、或者喜歡 Tether 豐富的流動性網絡,XAU₮ 也很強。兩者都能精確追蹤黃金市價,也連續多年驗證了 1:1 擔保,因此論底層安全性其實沒太大差別——迄今運作順利、儲備無爭議(消弭了早期「黃金加密代幣背後未必真有黃金」的質疑)。
All other gold tokens currently play a minor supporting role relative to these leaders. They might cater to specific niches or offer unique features (like KAU’s yield or CGO’s Shariah certification), but their low liquidity and market caps (typically under $10 million, often under $1 million) make them impractical for most investors at scale. As one industry commentary put it, outside PAXG and XAU₮, the gold stablecoin ecosystem remains “fragmented, illiquid, and largely inaccessible to the average crypto user”. This highlights the network effect advantage that the top two have – liquidity begets liquidity, and users gravitate to where they can easily enter and exit positions.
目前除了這兩大主流之外,其它黃金代幣在市場中僅居輔助角色。這些產品可能針對特定利基或有獨特特點(如 KAU 的收益、CGO 的伊斯蘭認證),但低流動性與市值(多數不到一千萬美金,常低於一百萬)使大部分投資人基本無法規模參與。正如一位行業評論所言,PAXG 和 XAU₮ 以外的黃金穩定幣生態「仍然破碎、缺乏流動性,且一般用戶幾乎無法切入」。這凸顯了龍頭項目的網絡效應優勢——流動性愈足,用戶愈會聚集在那裡進出部位。
Why Haven’t Gold Stablecoins Overtaken Other Stablecoins?
Despite their growth, gold-backed stablecoins are still far behind dollar-pegged stablecoins in adoption. It’s worth exploring the challenges and limitations that have kept gold tokens as a niche segment:
為什麼黃金穩定幣遲遲無法取代美元穩定幣?
儘管黃金支持型穩定幣有所發展,但和與美元掛鉤的穩定幣比起來,普及度仍遠遠落後。值得探究的是哪些挑戰和限制,使得黃金代幣始終只能維持在利基市場:
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- Price Volatility vs Fiat: By design, a gold-backed token’s price is as volatile (in USD terms) as gold itself. While gold is less volatile than, say, equities or Bitcoin, it still fluctuates – sometimes significantly. For example, in 2025 gold swung from around $2,600 to $3,500 (a ~35% range) over months. This volatility means gold tokens are not “stable” in the way that USDT or USDC (pegged 1:1 to $1) are. Businesses and users who need a predictable unit of account for transactions overwhelmingly prefer fiat stablecoins. Gold is a store of value, not a stable unit of account in everyday terms. Thus, gold stablecoins are mainly attractive for investment and hedging, rather than as a replacement for dollars in commerce or DeFi. In DeFi, borrowing and lending often need stablecoin collateral to avoid large swings – dollar tokens fulfill this better than gold tokens. As one analysis noted, PAXG priced around $3,350 “feels
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- 價格波動性 vs 法幣:設計上,黃金支撐型代幣的價格會像黃金本身一樣(以美元計價)波動。雖然黃金波動通常小於股票或比特幣,但價格起伏仍未可知——例如 2025 年間,黃金幾個月內就曾從約 $2,600 漲至 $3,500(約 35% 波動區間)。這代表黃金代幣並不像 USDT 或 USDC 這樣「穩定」——後者永遠與一美元掛鉤。對需要穩定記帳單位來結算的企業和用戶來說,毫無懸念地會優先選擇法幣穩定幣。黃金本質上是價值儲存工具,並非日常生活穩定記帳單位。因此,黃金型穩定幣主要適合用於投資與避險,而非取代美元進行商業交易或 DeFi 應用。在 DeFi 生態中,借貸等應用經常需依賴穩定幣作為抵押品避免大幅波動——美元代幣顯然比黃金代幣更合適。正如某分析指出,PAXG 以約 $3,350 定價時,「感覺...expensive and less intuitive” to average users compared to a simple $1 stablecoin. The unit bias (one PAXG = thousands of dollars) might psychologically reduce its usage for small-scale transactions, even though fractional ownership is possible.
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- Redemption & Operational Friction: 黃金的實體屬性帶來運營上的複雜性。實體黃金的處理——倉儲、保險、運送——成本高且速度慢於法幣帳戶的操作。雖然代幣發行商將大部分物流難題屏蔽於用戶之外,但還是會出現某些摩擦:如較高的最低兌換門檻、要求 KYC 才能直接兌換,以及潛在延遲(例如,若有人選擇提領實體黃金,這不會即時完成——仍需物流處理)。法幣穩定幣則受益於現金及等值資產高度流動性和電子化的特性。兌換 USDC 成美元,就如同低成本的銀行轉帳,幾乎沒有限制金額。而兌換 XAU₮ 成黃金,若真要在瑞士提領,甚至得要動用 Brinks 班車!代表黃金穩定幣難以完全複製法幣穩定幣的順暢體驗。此外,發行商的持有成本更高——黃金存放帶來的管理費用,不是由發行商自行吸收(如 Tether 利用其他獲利途徑,或 Paxos 小額收費),就是轉嫁給用戶。到目前為止,PAXG 和 XAU₮ 都把費用維持在較低水準,但規模較小的項目則難以生存——例如,CACHE Gold 宣布終止時,就坦言很難在微薄利潤下擴張與維運。
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- Liquidity and Network Effects: 金融本質上是一場網絡效應遊戲。交易員與加密用戶都追求深厚流動性與普及認受性。USDT 之所以無所不在,就是因為人人都用——這是一個自我強化循環。黃金代幣因使用者少,多數交易所以及主流交易所的委託簿都非常薄弱,這使得大型交易員因高滑價望而卻步。沒有造市人與仲裁者,流動性就難以提升,陷入雞生蛋蛋生雞的困境。而且黃金代幣分散在主流兩種產品之外還有十多種小規模發行,使本可更集中的流動性變得零散。不過到了 2025 年,我們已看到 PAXG 和 XAU₮ 漸獲共識聚焦。若它們能在每個主流交易所掛牌並擁有數十億市值,局面或可改變。但它們仍面臨另一種被加密圈認為「數位黃金」資產——比特幣的競爭。比特幣(BTC)同樣被視為類似用途(抗通膨、非法幣的價值儲存)而具備原生加密性與更高流動性。有些人認為 BTC 和黃金各自吸引不同族群,但在加密熊市時,許多人更傾向轉向穩定幣或比特幣,而非黃金穩定幣。因此黃金穩定幣必須闡明自己的獨特價值主張,才能建立更大的網絡效應。
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- Regulatory and Custodial Trust: 諷刺的是,黃金穩定幣最強的優點——經審計的準備金與合規——往往也限制了其增長。由於這些代幣代表實體資產,在許多法域下受證券或商品監管約束,發行商必須謹慎合規,這可能拖慢創新與全球拓展。例如,完全去中心化或演算法穩定幣理論上可以無國界無許可流通(雖然有其他風險),但黃金代幣必須確保黃金安全且合法儲存。部分項目如 VNX 和 PMGT 採取了極為重視合規的路線,因此規模紮實但發展緩慢,無法像純加密項目那樣大玩高收益農作或強力推廣。此外,持有人必須信任發行商和保管庫——這存在一定對手風險。雖然有審計減少疑慮,但有些加密原教旨主義者,原則上排斥要依賴集中式金庫的任何資產。這縮小了受眾範圍,侷限於信得過 Paxos 或 Tether 的族群。強化教育與透明度有助於擴大用戶;迄今為止,PAXG 和 XAU₮ 都未曾有任何信任危機的事件。如果能維持紀錄,隨時間可能吸引更多使用者。但若出現管理疏失(如審計失敗或暫停兌換),信心很可能遭重挫,畢竟持有人除了信賴證明外,無法親自驗證黃金。
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- Competition from Traditional Gold Products: 黃金代幣不僅要和加密穩定幣競爭,還要與傳統黃金投資產品一較高下。像 SPDR Gold Trust(GLD)ETF 或實體金幣/金條,是多數黃金投資人的首選。對加密用戶來說,代幣買賣方便,但對一般投資人,透過券商購買 ETF 同樣容易且流動性極佳。黃金 ETF 具備龐大流動性(GLD 日成交量約 10~20 億美元)且深度整合在傳統金融基礎設施。部分 2025 年的大資金法人如欲配置黃金,多直接買 ETF(2025 年上半年,ETF 黃金持倉增近 400 公噸),而非進軍加密代幣。要吸引這些資金,代幣必須帶來額外優勢。目前,它們確實有幾項特點:24/7 全天候交易、自主管理(不靠券商),還可用於 DeFi——這些是 ETF 所不具備的。這些優勢在加密場景下很明顯,但若要跨界到主流金融,仍需時間。或許未來會有更多傳統平台支持代幣化資產(舉例來說,若有一天大銀行讓客戶在 APP 裡選擇持有 ETF 金或代幣金)。
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- Cultural and Educational Factors: 黃金穩定幣橫跨兩個世界——加密領域與黃金信仰者。雙方都需要被教育、建立信任。加密原居民要認識「非法幣掛勾」「真穩定」資產的價值,而黃金投資人則需克服用區塊鏈持有資產的疑慮。到 2025 年,我們發現較年輕、懂科技的投資群較願接受代幣化黃金,而傳統舊派黃金愛好者則多半不信任「加密」。反過來,有些加密圈的人則偏好比特幣或去中心化資產,不願碰傳統金庫掛勾的東西。要扭轉這些觀念需靠時間、教育,還有成功實例(例如某通脹國家的一戶家庭用黃金代幣順利保值、不出差錯的 DeFi 平台案例等)。
結論是,黃金穩定幣雖然基本面健全,目前尚未達到美元穩定幣所擁有的簡易性與普遍性。正如某份分析精辟總結:「黃金掛勾代幣缺乏加密使用者期望的直觀流暢度」。對多數人來說,操作穩定幣並用於 DeFi 已成家常便飯;但要做到同樣事的黃金代幣,還顯得新奇且少見。然而 2025 的環境也說明了為何這類代幣開始重要:高通膨和地緣政治不確定性,使得持有黃金更具意義,而以數位方式持有,更便於流動與取得。
展望:黃金代幣化的未來
2025 年不穩定情勢下,黃金的穩健吸引力一覽無遺。最令人著迷的是千年資產如今與最前衛的區塊鏈科技緊密結合。像 XAU₮ 與 PAXG 這類黃金穩定幣,證明了傳統避險資產可與現代金融基礎建設融合,而且市場對這種結合有真實需求。展望未來,數項趨勢可能塑造黃金代幣化的發展軌跡:
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與實體黃金同步增長:只要總體經濟環境繼續利於黃金(央行買入、投資人對抗通膨與波動),這類代幣的市值將隨之提升。若黃金價格再度衝上新高——某些分析預言數年後有機會突破每盎司 4000 美元或更高,PAXG、XAU₮ 及同業的市值,即使未額外增發代幣,也會隨市值自然膨脹。更有想像空間的是,若 ETF 或實體黃金市場僅有極小比例轉向加密代幣,總市值就有數倍成長的潛力。目前黃金穩定幣合計約 17 億美元,在約 13 兆美元的黃金市場中僅是滄海一粟。若成功吸引更多黃金投資人接受此新概念,成長空間巨大。
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更廣泛的加密生態系採用:Tether USDT0 網絡推動 XAU₮ 跨鏈整合以及導入 Telegram 錢包,標誌了推向主流的一大步。如果幾百萬用戶能在 App 裡接觸到「數位黃金」按鈕,特別在貨幣波動劇烈的地區,極可能推升採用率。未來,黃金代幣可望更多用於國際匯款與跨境轉帳。黃金是中性資產——發 PAXG 給某人,相當於給他一份普世通用的價值單位,特定場景很有吸引力(比如你不信當地法幣或銀行體系,妥善給款就可送黃金代幣)。此外,如果多鏈 DeFi 協議整合黃金代幣作為借貸或去中心化穩定幣儲備,將加強其在加密金融堆疊中的地位。MakerDAO 結合使用 PAXG 就是最佳範例,未來更多項目有望跟進。
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機構與企業應用場景:未來我們也有機會看到更多機構型使用案例。例如 DAO 或公司型金庫,可考慮配置一部分資產於黃金代幣以提升資產穩定度。部分穩定幣發行商也可能發展部分黃金掛勾穩定幣(如 Tether Alloy 項目預示多資產掛勾)。甚至某些中央銀行或主權基金,為了實驗區塊鏈,未來會把部份黃金儲備進行代幣化,以圖更便於管理或作為數位資產抵押品。transactions. This is speculative, but not implausible as governments explore CBDCs and asset tokenization – gold could be one of the first assets they trial, given its importance.
交易。這是推測性的,但並非不可能,因為各國政府正積極探索央行數位貨幣(CBDC)與資產代幣化——鑑於黃金的重要性,它很可能成為政府試行的首批資產之一。
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Competition and New Entrants: The landscape will likely see new entrants, possibly including big players. For example, if a major bank or commodity trading firm launched its own gold token with high backing credibility, it could shake up the market. So far, the likes of JPMorgan or Goldman haven’t issued gold stablecoins for public trading, but companies like Mitsubishi and some Swiss banks have piloted gold token platforms internally. Moreover, existing projects might innovate: Paxos or Tether could enhance their offerings (maybe offering smaller physical redemptions via partnerships, or integrating tokens with gold e-commerce). We also might see hybrid tokens (like the mooted Alloy) that blend gold with fiat or other assets to create new types of stable-value coins.
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競爭與新進者:這個領域很可能會迎來新的參與者,甚至包括大型企業。例如,如果某大型銀行或商品貿易公司發行一款具有高度儲備可信度的黃金代幣,有可能顛覆現有市場。到目前為止,像摩根大通或高盛這類公司還未公開發行黃金穩定幣,但類似三菱或部分瑞士銀行則已經在內部試驗黃金代幣平台。此外,現有項目也可能進行創新:Paxos 或 Tether 可能會升級其產品(例如透過合作夥伴提供更小單位的實體兌換,或將代幣整合進黃金電商平台)。我們也可能見到混合型代幣(例如所謂的 Alloy),結合黃金、法幣或其他資產,創造全新的穩定價值代幣。
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Regulatory Outlook: With the implementation of clearer crypto regulations (e.g., MiCA in Europe categorizing asset-referenced tokens, or discussions in the US around stablecoin laws), gold-backed tokens might receive more explicit legal status. This could be a double-edged sword: positive regulation could encourage more participants (if, say, it’s easier to list or use gold tokens within compliant frameworks), but onerous regulation could constrain them. However, given gold tokens are fully asset-backed and involve real assets, regulators might view them more favorably than unbacked crypto. It’s notable that Dubai’s VARA and other crypto-friendly jurisdictions have mentioned gold tokens as examples of permissible asset tokens, which could boost projects like CGO or global trading of these assets.
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監管展望:隨著加密貨幣相關監管愈加明確(例如歐洲的 MiCA 列為資產參考型代幣,美國討論穩定幣法案),黃金支持的代幣可能獲得更明確的法律地位。這是一把雙面刃:正面的監管可能鼓勵更多參與者(比如在合規架構下更容易讓黃金代幣上市或應用),但過於嚴苛的法規則可能造成限制。不過,由於黃金代幣是充分資產擔保、涉及實體資產的產品,監管機關通常會比對待無擔保加密貨幣更為寬容。值得注意的是,杜拜 VARA 及其他對加密友善的司法機構已將黃金代幣列為合法資產代幣的範例,這有望推動 CGO 等項目或該類資產的全球交易發展。
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Integration with Traditional Gold Markets: Over time, the line between a “crypto gold token” and traditional gold could blur. We might see gold refiners and mints directly issuing tokens upon production of a gold bar, such that the bar is born digital. Gold trading platforms (like gold refineries, bullion marketplaces) could adopt blockchain tokens as settlement instruments. If LBMA or CME (which runs the major gold futures market) were to incorporate tokenized gold in settlement, it would greatly legitimize the concept. These are longer-term possibilities, but the technology is in place – it’s more a matter of industry consensus and standards.
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與傳統黃金市場的整合:隨著時間演進,「加密黃金代幣」與傳統黃金的界線可能逐漸模糊。我們可能會見到金條製造廠或鑄幣廠在生產黃金時,就直接發行代表黃金的數位代幣,讓金條「數位出生」。黃金交易平台(如煉金廠或金條市集)也可能採用區塊鏈代幣作為結算工具。如果倫敦金屬市場協會(LBMA)或主導黃金期貨市場的芝商所(CME)將代幣化黃金納入結算機制,將大大提升這一概念的正當性。這些屬於較長遠的發展,但技術已經具備,剩下的關鍵在於產業共識與標準制定。
For now, in 2025, gold-backed stablecoins remain a small but growing corner of the crypto worldF, thriving on the back of gold’s strong performance. They provide an important diversification option for crypto investors – a way to park value in an asset that is historically resilient, without leaving the digital asset ecosystem. As one crypto journalist observed, “physical gold and its digital counterpart remain favorites during macroeconomic storms”. When the seas of the economy get rough, many seek shelter in gold, and now one can do so with a few clicks on a blockchain.
就目前,2025 年,黃金支持的穩定幣依然是加密世界中小眾但不斷成長的一隅,受惠於黃金本身強勢的表現。它們為加密投資人提供重要的資產多元化選擇——可以將價值停泊於一項歷史上極為堅韌的資產,同時不必脫離數位資產生態系。如同一位加密記者所言:「實體黃金與其數位表現形式,在宏觀經濟風暴時依然是最受青睞的避險選項。」當經濟之海波濤洶湧,許多人都會尋找黃金作為避難所,現在透過區塊鏈,只需幾下點擊即可達成。
In closing, the rise of XAU₮, PAXG, and their ilk exemplifies the broader trend of asset tokenization: bringing real-world assets onto distributed ledgers. This bridging of old and new finance offers compelling benefits – enhanced liquidity, around-the-clock markets, fractional ownership, and global accessibility – while leveraging the stability of proven assets. Gold, with its 5,000-year history as a store of value, has found a new medium in the 21st century. The year 2025 has shown that even as cryptocurrencies seek to redefine money, there is room and respect for the ultimate hard money in digital form. Gold-backed stablecoins are likely to remain a fixture of the crypto landscape, especially if economic uncertainty persists. They stand as a reminder that innovation in finance doesn’t necessarily mean discarding the old – sometimes it means
總結來說,XAU₮、PAXG 及同類產品的興起,是資產代幣化大趨勢的縮影:把現實世界的資產帶進分散式帳本。舊金融與新技術的結合帶來諸多好處——流動性提升、全天候市場、資產可切割持有,以及全球普及性——同時保有經得起考驗的資產穩定性。黃金這個擁有五千年價值儲存歷史的資產,21 世紀在數位領域找到了新舞台。2025 年證明,即使加密貨幣致力於重塑貨幣體系,數位黃金依然備受尊重,並佔有一席之地。黃金支持的穩定幣很可能繼續留在加密貨幣世界中,尤其在經濟不確定持續下更是如此。它們提醒我們,金融創新不一定要拋棄舊有基礎——有時創新正是在融合與延續。

