加密貨幣市場每次循環牛市總會誕生新贏家——那些在用戶量、價值與討論度上都表現亮眼的平台。當人們期待下一輪牛市,幣圈用戶與投資人關心的核心問題是:究竟哪條區塊鏈將成為焦點?上個周期,像Solana這類替代性Layer-1(L1)區塊鏈曾挑戰以太坊的主導地位。
隨著以太坊自身生態體系催生出強大的Layer-2(L2)網路,行業競爭格局愈加複雜。在這場討論中,Solana、Base與zkSync三個名字常常脫穎而出。三者分別代表了不同的路線:Solana是高通量的獨立L1,Base是Coinbase孵化的以太坊L2,而zkSync是前沿的零知識rollup方案。三者都在進入下一波市場上升期前展現出強大動能與獨特優勢。
本文將深入比較Solana、Base與zkSync,剖析其技術基礎、生態系、近期表現與未來前景。我們將分析這些平台——不論是像Solana這樣的L1,還是像Base、zkSync這類L2解決方案——誰最有機會主導下一輪牛市。目標是用事實與可靠數據做一個中立比較,從用戶增長數據、開發者參與度及實際應用切入,提供有據可依的見解。在這個容易被炒作誤導的產業裡,我們將專注於數據和趨勢,評估未來哪個平台有望成為贏家。讓我們先認識這些競爭者,以及它們的重要性。
Solana:高速選手強勢復甦
Solana於2020年作為高性能L1區塊鏈誕生,旨在以獨特架構解決可擴展性三難困境。它引入了像歷史證明(Proof of History)的創新技術,結合權益證明,實現極快的出塊速度(約400毫秒)與理論上每秒數萬筆交易。在2021年牛市期間,Solana憑本土幣SOL暴漲與吸納大量去中心化金融(DeFi)和NFT專案而聲名大噪。然而,項目也遭遇發展陣痛——例如網絡中斷,以及FTX倒閉(FTX曾是重要資助者)後連帶影響,這讓部分人質疑其韌性。
來到2023-2024年,Solana實現了令人矚目的復興。至2024年底,Solana網絡活躍度與生態指標皆創歷史新高,顯示區塊鏈不僅穩定下來,更加繁榮。例如2024年底一天內,Solana處理了6,690萬樁交易——自問世以來最高紀錄,甚至“超越所有主要區塊鏈總和”。如此通量與活躍度證明Solana在牛市高峰期可承受海量用戶活動,是巨大的優勢。其快速結算與近乎零手續費,使鏈上零售交易再度活躍。2025年1月,據DefiLlama數據,Solana 24小時去中心化交易所(DEX)交易量達到38億美元,超越以太坊與Base相加同期的DEX規模。換言之,Solana單日DeFi交易量已領先於ETH主網與最繁忙的L2,突顯其吸引高頻交易者與流動性供應者。
這波鏈上交易熱潮部分來自Solana善於承載“Degen”(投機型零售)潮流。2024年,Solana成為迷因幣熱點及AI驅動新型代幣的發源地,吸引大量投機者進入其DeFi平台。Solana領先的DEX Raydium,2024年日交易量暴增超10倍,一度超越以太坊Uniswap月成交量。Solana平台上的迷因幣(例如Pump.fun、病毒式新幣)貢獻極大——Grayscale Research指出,“零售交易員越來越多透過Solana進入加密市場,尤其參與Solana上迷因幣與AI代理幣投機。”這種循環性炒作證明Solana能把握牛市時期散戶熱情。更重要的是,活動繁榮帶動了實質DeFi生態增長。Solana全鏈TVL自2024年初約14億美元躍升至年底約95億美元,年增幅五倍,顯示其協議上流動性大規模回流,再度鞏固頂尖DeFi公鏈地位。
除了數據亮麗,Solana也在技術上積極改善過往問題。2023年中起,Solana網絡穩定性顯著提升,全年達成99.9%以上上線時間,大幅改善2021-2022年間偶發性斷線(多次升級與節點管理優化貢獻良多)。此外,Solana推出由Jump Crypto開發的Firedancer第二組獨立驗證客戶端,以提升性能與抗故障能力。在Breakpoint年會實驗,Firedancer曾在測試環境下跑出每秒百萬交易的驚人數字。雖然這僅屬離線演示,實際主網尚未達成,但展示了潛在極限。由於設計限制,Firedancer效能要在更多驗證節點採用後才有望完全發揮(目前多數還用舊版Agave)。即便如此,效益已逐步釋放。2025年中,大約10%節點已運行“Frankendancer”混合模式,融合Firedancer和舊客戶端,可在不影響共識下小心部署性能提升。這種多客戶端架構不僅推升通量,也提升去中心化,避免軟體單點失效。Solana全球超過2,000個驗證節點分布多國,進一步增強韌性,但也帶來基礎網絡延遲(數據無法即時傳播是全球分布的代價)。總體來看,Solana選擇以速度優先,即便提高驗證人硬體門檻;而以太坊及其L2則著重高度去中心化。Solana押注透過軟硬體精進(如Firedancer),能讓公鏈實現Web-scale性能,且不犧牲安全與活性。
另一個Solana復興支柱是開發者與機構的青睞。2022年困難期過後,Solana生態開發者不減反增。據Electric Capital產業報告,2024年Solana吸引了7,625位新開發者,為全區塊鏈最多,首次自2016年以來超過以太坊。這說明Solana魅力大增:低手續費、快執行讓DApp開發者趨之若鶩。許多Solana開發者正投入DeFi、遊戲乃至AI整合加密應用,推動生態蓬勃。機構也看好這股趨勢。大型金融機構開始用Solana測試資產代幣化——2024年Franklin Templeton發行資產代幣化貨幣市場基金,法國興業銀行也在Solana發行代幣化債券。這類RWA試點展現對Solana技術基礎設施的信心。美國市場方面,Cboe Global Markets申請Solana掛鉤投資產品(ETF),零售券商Robinhood則上線SOL交易,更加鞏固其資產流動性與地位。
總結來說,Solana作為經得起考驗的L1再次迎來牛市,提供極速與低成本,其處理鏈上交易量與活躍地址數在2024年末幾乎領先所有其他鏈。生態兼具“Degen”零售氛圍(迷因幣、NFT、遊戲)及愈發成熟的應用(機構資產、Shopify整合Solana Pay支付)——這種組合或將在市場上行期推動主流採用。主要考驗在於Solana能否在流量高峰時保持穩定、持續吸引流動性,尤其當以太坊及其L2戰線壯大,競爭只會更激烈——接下來將看到來自新一代L2的挑戰。
Base:Coinbase打造的L2,以太坊加持、邁向主流
Base是一位較新的參賽者,卻來勢洶洶。2023年8月推出的Base,是由美國最大加密交易所Coinbase孵化的以太坊Layer-2網路。在技術層面,Base建構於Optimism“OP Stack”,採用樂觀rollup方案,將交易批次離鏈處理,並週期性寫入以太坊主鏈以確保安全。雖然Base本身技術創新較少,卻靠著Coinbase的信譽、龐大用戶基礎和資源優勢異軍突起。事實上,Base早期成功案例證明,在以太坊擴容戰場上,“行銷手腕加充裕資金”可能比單純技術創新還有效。Coinbase憑藉超過1億用戶,直接為Base啟動網絡效應,將其與交易所產品整合,並展開高調推廣活動。
上線之初,Base即定位為主流友善... on-ramp to the on-chain world. It launched without a native token, a deliberate choice to emphasize usage over speculation and to avoid regulatory uncertainty. Instead of token incentives, Coinbase used its platform to drive adoption – for example, during “Onchain Summer” in 2023, Base hosted a series of NFT mints, token giveaways, and app launches that drew massive participation. Over 2 million unique wallets took part in Base’s Onchain Summer, minting NFTs and interacting with dApps, resulting in over $5 million in fees minted to creators. This campaign was a marketing triumph, effectively turning Coinbase’s millions of users into L2 users almost overnight. The ease of onboarding was a big factor: users could seamlessly bridge assets from their Coinbase accounts into Base with a couple of clicks, using Coinbase’s custody as a bridge. Moreover, Coinbase introduced a smart contract wallet for Base users that eliminated the need to manage seed phrases, making the experience closer to a typical fintech app than a fiddling with MetaMask. This streamlined UX helped ordinary users dip their toes into decentralized apps (dApps) on Base, fulfilling one of Coinbase’s goals to “bring the next billion users onchain.”
作為鏈上世界的入門平台。Base 在推出時沒有發行原生代幣,這是為了強調實際使用而非投機,也為了避開監管不確定性。Coinbase 並未以發幣激勵用戶,而是善用自身平台推動普及——例如在 2023 年的「Onchain Summer」活動期間,Base 舉辦了一系列 NFT 鑄造、代幣贈送以及各種應用上線,吸引大量用戶參與。超過 200 萬個獨立錢包參加 Base 的 Onchain Summer,鑄造 NFT 並與 dApp 互動,為創作者帶來超過 500 萬美元的費用。這場行銷活動極為成功,幾乎在一夜之間,將 Coinbase 數百萬用戶轉化為 L2 用戶。簡易的上手體驗是主因之一——用戶只要點擊幾下,就能將資產從 Coinbase 賬號橋接到 Base,直接利用 Coinbase 託管作為橋樑。Coinbase 也為 Base 用戶推出智能合約錢包,省去管理助記詞的麻煩,讓體驗更接近一般金融科技應用,而非傳統需操作 MetaMask 的複雜過程。這種流暢的使用者體驗讓一般用戶也能輕鬆嘗試在 Base 使用去中心化應用(dApp),也實現了 Coinbase「讓下十億用戶走上鏈上」的目標之一。
If those were the initial conditions, Base’s growth metrics over the next year speak volumes about its momentum. By late 2024, Base had rocketed up the L2 charts to become one of the top rollups on Ethereum. In fact, as of Q4 2024, Base had captured roughly an 18% market share of all L2 networks by total value locked, second only to Arbitrum One. This was a stunning rise past established networks like Optimism (which created the OP Stack Base runs on), Polygon’s sidechain, and others. According to L2Beat data, Base’s ascent made it the No. 2 layer-2 by locked value and activity within months of launch. Part of this success can be attributed to timing – Base launched into an environment where Ethereum users were ready for more scalable solutions, and it immediately offered a familiar but faster/cheaper venue. However, Coinbase’s relentless push was the special ingredient. As one analysis put it, “Base appears to [be] out-gunning other secondary Ethereum networks” in user acquisition and activity.
如果這些是初始條件,那麼接下來一年間 Base 的成長數據更是說明了其發展勢頭。到 2024 年底,Base 已迅速躍升 L2 排行榜,成為以太坊上頂尖 Rollup 之一。事實上,截至 2024 年第四季,Base 以鎖倉總價值(TVL)計算,已拿下大約 18% 的 L2 網路市佔率,僅次於 Arbitrum One。這個成績讓它超越了早已建立的網路,如 Optimism(也是 Base 所運行的 OP Stack 的開創者)、Polygon 側鏈等。根據 L2Beat 資料,Base 在上線數月間已經成為第二大鎖倉與活躍量的 Layer-2。一部分成功可歸因於時機——Base 推出時正值以太坊用戶準備好迎接更高擴容解決方案,立即提供了熟悉且更快/更便宜的選擇。不過,Coinbase 的強力推動才是致勝關鍵。正如一則分析所言,「Base 看起來在用戶成長與活躍度上正勝過其他二級以太坊網路」。
The network data backs that claim robustly. Consider transaction activity: by the end of 2024, Base was handling on the order of 8 million transactions per day, often more transactions than all other major L2s combined. Base reached a peak daily throughput of 8.8 million transactions, far above the next busiest L2s (Arbitrum, Optimism) which together were around 5.5 million at their peak. On average in Q4 2024, Base accounted for nearly 48% of all transactions happening on Ethereum Layer-2s – basically as much as all other L2s put together. To put it in perspective, Ethereum mainnet processes ~1 to 1.5 million transactions a day; Base by itself was doing almost 5× Ethereum’s throughput on an average day in late 2024. This highlights how L2s like Base have truly taken the scalability mantle – something crucial for the next bull run when Ethereum L1 gas fees might spike, pushing even more activity to L2s. Base’s surge in usage was not a short-lived spike either; it “retained its growth momentum for the whole year” in 2024. The initial buzz from Onchain Summer evolved into sustained activity driven by various applications on Base.
網路數據也強力佐證這種說法。以交易活動為例:2024 年底時,Base 每天處理約 800 萬筆交易,經常比所有其他主要 L2 的總和還多。Base 日高峰更達到 880 萬筆,遠超 Arbitrum、Optimism 等次繁忙 L2 的合計峰值 550 萬。2024 年第四季的平均,Base 佔以太坊所有 Layer-2 上將近 48% 的交易量——幾乎等於其他所有 L2 總合。作為對比,以太坊主網每日約 100~150 萬筆交易;而 Base 單一條鏈,在 2024 年底平均日運輸量已是以太坊的近 5 倍。這突顯了 Base 等 L2 真正承擔擴容重任——對於下次牛市以太坊主網 gas fee 飆升時,這尤其關鍵,將迫使更多活動轉向 L2。Base 的用量增長也非曇花一現,而是在 2024 年*「全年度都保持成長動能」*。Onchain Summer 的初步熱潮,進一步演變為由 Base 上多種應用帶動的持續活躍。
What are those applications? Base’s ecosystem, while still maturing, has seen a mix of DeFi, social apps, and novel “Web3” experiments flourish. Decentralized finance on Base got a head start with projects like Aerodrome Finance (an automated market maker) drawing liquidity. Aerodrome became Base’s largest DeFi protocol, focusing on trading pools – notably, many of its top markets were memecoin-related trading pools, suggesting speculative trading found a home on Base too. In terms of total value locked, Base’s TVL grew from about $440 million in January 2024 to $2.5 billion by October 2024, a 470% increase that reflected confidence from liquidity providers. By October, Base had even surpassed Arbitrum in TVL, reaching $2.49B to claim the top spot among optimistic rollups. Another huge driver was the emergence of social applications that went viral on Base. Notably, in mid-2023 a platform called Friend.tech (a social token app) took off on Base, spurring activity as users traded “shares” of social media personalities. That early experiment foreshadowed Base’s later focus on “SocialFi.” In mid-2025, Coinbase doubled down on this concept by rebranding its Coinbase Wallet app into “Base App” with integrated social features, fueling a new boom. A social network protocol called Zora launched “creator coins” on Base – where every user post could be turned into a token – and this innovation sent Base’s usage into overdrive again. By August 2025, Base was reportedly minting more new tokens per day than Solana, as Zora’s creator coins took off and nearly 3 million traders flocked to trade these micro-tokens. Dune Analytics data at that time showed Base overtaking Solana in daily token launches, signaling how quickly Base can capitalize on new trends. In a matter of weeks post-rebrand, over 1.6 million “creator coins” had been minted and $470 million in volume traded on Zora via Base. This “SocialFi” mania demonstrated Base’s adaptability – from DeFi to NFTs to social tokens, it became a versatile platform for whatever concept is buzzing in crypto communities.
那些應用有哪些?Base 生態系還在發展中,但已孕育出多種 DeFi、社交應用與新型 Web3 實驗。Base 上的去中心化金融起步快,如自動化做市商 Aerodrome Finance 募得大量流動性。Aerodrome 成為 Base 最大的 DeFi 協議,主打交易池——值得注意的是,其中許多頂尖市場是迷因幣交易池,顯示投機交易也在 Base 蓬勃發展。以總鎖倉價值計,Base TVL 從 2024 年 1 月的 4.4 億美元暴漲至同年 10 月的 25 億美元,增長 470%,反映流動性供應者的強大信心。到 10 月,Base TVL 甚至超越 Arbitrum,以 24.9 億美金成為樂觀 Rollup 中的第一大。另一項驅動力是 Base 上社交應用的爆紅。特別是在 2023 年中,社交代幣平台 Friend.tech 在 Base 起飛,透過交易「社群名人股份」激發大量活動。這個早期實驗預告了 Base 對*「SocialFi」*的後續重視。到 2025 年中,Coinbase 加碼推動這一概念,將 Coinbase Wallet 更名為「Base App」,並整合社交功能,引發新一波熱潮。社交網路協議 Zora 在 Base 推出「創作者幣」——用戶每則貼文都能成為一枚代幣——創新再度推高 Base 用量。到 2025 年 8 月,Base 據報每日新幣鑄造量超過 Solana,Zora 創作者幣起飛,近 300 萬名交易者湧入買賣這些微型幣。當時 Dune Analytics 數據顯示 Base 在日新幣發布數量上反超 Solana,展現 Base 把握新趨勢的快手。品牌重塑短短數週,已有 160 萬枚創作者幣鑄造、4.7 億美元交易量在 Zora/Base 上完成。這股「SocialFi」 狂潮展現 Base 的適應力——從 DeFi、NFT 到社交代幣,Base 成為各種加密社群新概念的多元平台。
Underpinning Base’s growth is also the advantage of Ethereum compatibility and security. As a rollup, Base posts its data to Ethereum, ultimately inheriting Ethereum’s battle-tested security model. Users can trust that even if Base’s validator (sequencer) experiences issues, their funds are secured by Ethereum’s consensus (though optimistic rollups do have a challenge period for fraud proofs). Thus, Base offers a blend of speed and low fees with the reassurance of Ethereum’s security – a key point for risk-aware users and institutions. In fact, Base attracted the attention of traditional finance early on: in 2024 Franklin Templeton chose Base to launch the first tokenized U.S. government money fund by a major asset manager, citing the network’s low costs and integration with Coinbase’s services. This was a milestone showing that even conservative financial firms saw value in operating on Base for efficiency while trusting Ethereum’s security as the backstop. Base’s design (using ETH as the native gas token) also means it plugs into Ethereum’s broader liquidity seamlessly – any asset on Ethereum can be bridged to Base, and conversely, making it easy for users to move capital as opportunities arise.
Base 的成長,也建立在與以太坊相容與高安全性的優勢之上。作為 Rollup,Base 將資料提交到以太坊,因此繼承以太坊久經考驗的安全模型。用戶可以相信,即便 Base 的驗證者(Sequencer)出現問題,資產仍由以太坊共識機制保障(雖然樂觀 Rollup 本身有欺詐證明等待期)。因此,Base 結合了速度、低手續費,與以太坊安全保障的優點——這對重視風險控管的用戶及機構至關重要。事實上,Base 很早就吸引傳統金融業關注:2024 年,富蘭克林坦伯頓選擇在 Base 上發行大型資產管理機構首檔美國國債代幣化基金,理由是該網路低成本與和 Coinbase 服務緊密整合。這意味著,即便是保守的金融機構,也願意為了效率採用 Base,並相信以太坊的安全作為底層守護。Base 設計上(以 ETH 為原生 gas 代幣),也代表它可無縫整合以太坊流動性——以太坊上任何資產都能橋接到 Base,反之亦然,讓用戶能隨時根據機會靈活調動資本。
There are, of course, trade-offs and challenges for Base. One is centralization: currently, Base’s sequencer is operated by Coinbase. This means Coinbase has significant control (they order transactions and could, in theory, censor or prioritize certain ones). While the rollup tech ensures users can withdraw trustlessly, the day-to-day operation is not decentralized. Coinbase has indicated it plans to progressively decentralize Base’s sequencer, possibly aligning with Optimism’s roadmap of a shared “decentralized sequencer” set for the broader OP Stack “Superchain.” Until that happens, Base inherits some degree of trust in Coinbase’s proper functioning. Thus far, that trust has held up – Coinbase, being a regulated and reputed company, has every incentive to keep Base reliable and neutral. But it also means Base may have to navigate regulatory pressures. If authorities in the U.S. ever required measures like blacklisting addresses, Coinbase could be pressured into compliance on its L2. This is a different risk profile compared to Solana or even zkSync, which are more community-run. However, one could argue Coinbase’s involvement has more pros than cons: it brings legal compliance, funding, and a long-term orientation that purely community-driven projects might lack.
當然,Base 也有必須取捨和面對的挑戰。其中之一就是中心化:目前 Base 的交易排序者由 Coinbase 經營,這意味著 Coinbase 有巨大控制權(可以安排交易順序,理論上甚至能審查或優先處理部分交易)。雖然 Rollup 技術確保用戶可無信任提幣,日常營運仍不算去中心化。Coinbase 已表示將逐步去中心化 Base 的排序節點,可能比照 Optimism 計劃、與 OP Stack「Superchain」共用的「去中心化排序者」對齊。在那之前,Base 必然帶有對 Coinbase 正常運作的信任風險。到目前為止,這種信任尚稱穩健——畢竟 Coinbase 是受監管且具聲譽的公司,也有強烈誘因讓 Base 保持可靠並中立。不過,這也代表 Base 必須面對監管壓力。如果美國主管機關要求封鎖特定地址,Coinbase 可能會被迫在 L2 執行相關措施。這和更偏社群運作的 Solana 或 zkSync 風險取向不同。然而,也有人認為 Coinbase 參與反而是利大於弊:他們帶來合規、資金和長遠發展方向,是純社群驅動項目較缺的要素。
Sustainability of activity is another question. Some analysts in late 2024 noted that Base’s explosive growth had a lot to do with promotional events and opportunistic behavior – for example, users chasing NFT drops or potential future airdrops (even though Base has no token, some speculated on ecosystem rewards). A CoinDesk piece bluntly asked: “Are [Base’s users] bona fide users with on-chain needs, or just a flurry of ... traders taking advantage of one-time promotions and quests?”. It’s a fair question whether Base can convert the initial rush into long-term engaged users. The encouraging sign is that even after Onchain Summer and other events, Base’s usage remained high relative to peers, suggesting many users stuck around for the actual utility (be it trading, gaming, or socializing on new dApps). Coinbase’s ongoing integration – such as potentially connecting Base to its main exchange order books, or using Base for internal settlement – could also provide sticky usage not reliant on hype. In July 2025, Coinbase’s rebrand of its wallet into Base App and the associated SocialFi boom indicated the team’s commitment to driving fresh activity and perhaps periodically “reinvigorating” user interest with new features.
另一大議題是用量能否維持。2024 年底,有分析師指出 Base 的爆炸性成長與推廣活動、投機行為密切相關——例如用戶追逐 NFT 空投、或期待未來發幣(即使 Base 沒有發幣消息,仍有不少人押注生態空投)。CoinDesk 文章曾直言:*「Base 用戶是真正有鏈上需求的用戶?還是一波...僅因一次性推廣任務而來的投機者?」*這質疑相當合理——Base 能否將這波流量轉為長期忠實用戶?令人鼓舞的是,即便 Onchain Summer 和其他活動結束後,Base 用量相對同業仍較高,顯示很多用戶是真的因實用性(不論是交易、遊戲或社交 dApp)留下。Coinbase 一直持續深化整合——如有可能將 Base 連上主交易所訂單簿、或用 Base 做內部結算,這些都能創造非靠熱潮的黏著用量。2025 年 7 月 Coinbase 推出品牌重塑(錢包更名為 Base App)與 SocialFi 熱潮,更證明團隊將不斷導入創新功能、周期性「活化」用戶熱情。
In summary, Base enters the next bull run as a highly scalable extension of Ethereum that has already proven it can onboard masses of users quickly and handle immense transaction loads. It benefits from Ethereum’s network effect (for liquidity and security) and Coinbase’s ecosystem (for users and institutional trust), a potent combination. Base has shown leadership in raw activity – outpacing other L2s in transactions and even challenging L1s in areas like NFT and token trading volume. Its challenge will be maintaining decentralization principles and keeping users engaged beyond hype cycles. If the broader crypto market surges, Base is extremely well-positioned to catch the influx of newcomers (who are likely Coinbase customers) and give them a taste of
總結來說,Base 進入下一輪牛市時,已成為以太坊生態的高度可擴展延伸,不僅證明能快速承接大量用戶,還能負荷極大交易量。它同時受惠於以太坊網路效應(流動性+安全)及 Coinbase 生態(用戶+機構信任),組成強大搭配。Base 在交易活躍度已展現領先地位——超越其他 L2 並在 NFT、代幣交易量等細分領域挑戰其他 L1。其挑戰將是在維持去中心化原則的同時,也能確保用戶熱情不因熱潮消退而流失。如果整體加密市場迎來上升浪潮,Base 將極有機會承接新手大潮(這些人本身多為 Coinbase 用戶),讓他們第一時間嘗試DeFi、NFT,以及不需高額手續費或複雜設置的鏈上社群媒體,這些應用的無縫體驗,有望讓 Base 成為牛市中的主要活動樞紐——如果保持現有增長軌跡,Base 有潛力成為全球最繁忙的區塊鏈之一。
zkSync:ZK-Rollup 技術推進以太坊擴容的前沿
第三位競爭者 zkSync,代表了以零知識證明(zero-knowledge proofs, ZK)為基礎的以太坊新一代擴容方案。由 Matter Labs 開發的 zkSync Era 是一套 Layer-2 網路,利用 zk-rollup 技術將交易打包並進行驗證。不同於樂觀 rollup(如 Base)預設交易有效直到被挑戰,zkSync 藉由密碼學證明(validity proof)在上鏈前即數學上保證每批交易的正確性。這帶來了近乎即時的最終確定性(無需長達一週的欺詐挑戰窗口),並有與以太坊 L1 同級的強大安全性,同時顯著提升吞吐量並降低手續費。多年來,zk-rollup 一直被視為前沿技術,但 zkSync 是最早將其實現於一般智慧合約應用的專案之一。zkSync Era 於 2023 年 3 月主網上線,成為全球第一款功能完善且相容 EVM 的 ZK-rollup(即開發者僅需少量修改即可部署 Solidity 智慧合約),這是區塊鏈工程的一大里程碑,Matter Labs 為此募集了超過 2.5 億美元的投資資金,包括 a16z 等知名機構。
zkSync 的價值在於它能夠繼承以太坊的安全與去中心化,同時提供更高的效能與更低的成本。zkSync Era 能夠每秒處理上千筆交易,並透過簡潔的證明高效地在以太坊上結算。它還具有進階功能,如帳戶抽象(讓使用者帳戶更靈活,可用各種代幣支付手續費)及著重於互通性的 “hyperchain”(彈性鏈)理念。簡而言之,zkSync 的願景不限於單一鏈:他們已將「ZK Stack」開源,使其他團隊能部署與 zkSync Era 互通的自有 ZK-rollup 實例。這種模組化、多鏈的架構(精神上與 Optimism 的 Superchain 類似)旨在創造一個流動性與訊息無縫共享的 ZK-rollup 宇宙。作為開創者的 zkSync Era,是這個生態的樞紐或「Layer-2 的 Layer-2」——資金池聚集於此,其他鏈則與之對接。這是個前瞻性策略,提前預見許多應用專屬鏈會採用 ZK 技術、並都以以太坊為安全錨定。
從現階段用戶採用及運營表現來看,zkSync 走的是穩健成長路線,期間穿插幾次因發行代幣而激起的熱潮。2023 年底至 2024 年初,zkSync Era 吸引不少專案與用戶嘗試,部分原因是大家都預期會有空投(這也在 2024 年第二季 ZK 代幣發行時實現)。2024 年中空投後,zkSync 使用量激增後再回落,顯示投機操作對 L2 用戶行為有重大影響。根據 Messari 報告,2024 Q4 空投後,zkSync 每日平均交易量較前一季度下降 42% 至約 14.2 萬筆,每日活躍地址降至約 4.1 萬(減幅達 63%)。此退潮「主要是因為用戶在空投後缺乏繼續使用鏈的誘因」。換言之,代幣發放後,一些農民式操作減少了。值得欣慰的是,新用戶註冊數仍保持旺盛——新地址創建數僅季減約 2%,說明還是有健康的新血不斷進入。2024 年底,zkSync 穩住了基本盤,準備邁向下一波成長。
當時,從絕對數據來看,zkSync 的鏈上活動稍遜 Base 或 Arbitrum——Base 有日均百萬以上交易,zkSync 僅十多萬。TVL 方面,Arbitrum 維持數十億美元規模,zkSync 大約在 9 億美元左右。但這些數字未能道盡全貌,因為 zkSync 正在開拓自身利基,並在關鍵領域展現強勁成長。最明顯的是鏈上實體資產(RWA)以及機構應用場景。到 2025 年初,zkSync Era 上已聚集了約 19 億美元的鏈上 RWA,市占大約 25%,僅次於以太坊主網,位居全球第二。這背後來自與重量級機構合作與試點,例如德意志銀行就將 zkSync 用於 Project Dama——一個數位資產平台——此舉顯示傳統金融對 ZK 技術的信心。其他如 Blockchain Capital、Fintech 公司也將部份資產業務遷移到 zkSync。各界大行如德意志銀行,甚至有消息提及瑞銀、Sygnum Bank 在 zkSync 有資金進駐,意味 zkSync 已成功包裝成企業級擴容解決方案。在強調合規與安全的環境中,zkSync 的零知識證明(ZK)具隱私保護(如保密交易或選擇性揭露)的潛力,雖然設計上 Era 目前是完全公開,但技術上未來能鋪路加設隱私層。
DeFi 方面,zkSync 正穩健推進。截至 2025 年初,據報 Era 已部署 270 多個 dApp,DeFi TVL 約 4.3 億美元。雖然數字不及一些大鏈,但成長率極為突出——2025 年一月 TVL 曾月增 177%。zkSync 上協議涵蓋去中心化交易所、借貸平台、收益聚合等,許多是從以太坊移植或仿製。例如 Uniswap 也已部署在 zkSync Era,其他知名 DeFi 專案正陸續就位。用戶基數雖較難精確量化(活躍地址僅為參考),但累積起來已是數百萬人次——Matter Labs 2024 年常宣稱累計數百萬錢包曾與 zkSync 互動(含農民錢包)。值得一提的是,2024 年以太坊「Dencun」升級(EIP-4844,顯著降低 L2 資料成本)後,zkSync 平均手續費極低。到 2024 年底,zkSync 平均每筆交易手續費約僅 $0.03 美元,年內降幅達 86%。這證明 L1 協議升級直接讓 L2 用戶受益,更省成本。這代表 zkSync 不僅快又安全,同時用戶和開發團隊也能享有極低成本,對牛市中 L1 手續費常見飆漲時極具吸引力。
技術領先正是 zkSync 有別於 Solana 及 Base 這類樂觀 rollup 的關鍵。2024 年底,zkSync 團隊宣佈將進行一系列重大升級,大幅提升效能。其中核心是新型 prover「Boojum」及相關 BoojumVM 的研發。團隊目標是讓 zkSync 證明能支援每秒超過 10,000 筆交易,費用壓到每筆僅約 $0.0001 美元。若能實現,zkSync 原生吞吐量將追平甚至超越現階段 Solana,徹底抹平單鏈與 rollup 的性能差距。Boojum 結合改良後的運作架構(狀態差分為基礎),預計 2025 年推向主網。若能準時落地,下次牛市 zkSync 可從容應對海量交易壓力。這點意義重大,因為 ZK-rollup 傳統上證明計算量龐大,而 Boojum 等創新有望大幅提升證明速度及壓低成本。本質上,zkSync 正同步垂直擴展(單一鏈更大 TPS)與水平延展(透過 ZK Stack 掛載更多 zkSync 系鏈)。以太坊共同創辦人 Vitalik Buterin 及社群認為 ZK-rollup 是「最終型擴容解」,而 zkSync 的路徑正與該願景一致。實際上,包括 ENS(以太坊域名服務)已選用 ZK-rollup 技術(Linea)做自身 L2,Polygon 也明顯轉向深耕 ZK 解決方案。zkSync 作為早期佼佼者,已證明模型可行,未來隨著 ZK 技術聲望提升,有望吸引更多開發者與用戶湧入。
談到 zkSync,競爭對手與挑戰不可不提。ZK-rollup 賽道不只有 zkSync,還有 StarkNet(採自家語言與路線)、Polygon 的 zkEVM、ConsenSys 推出的 Linea 及 Scroll 等。這幾條鏈各自建立生態圈,競爭以太坊擴容蛋糕。2024 年底時,Polygon zkEVM、StarkNet 活躍度略遜於 zkSync,但進步持續。這意味 zkSync 必須證明不只 ZK-rollup 是未來,自身生態更勝一籌。其優勢是搶得先機、EVM 相容,迅速聚集開發社群,也有新代幣發行情勢加持(無論好壞,都帶來話題)。展望牛市,zkSync 必須在可靠性(技術是否經過足夠實戰?)、開發者友善性,以及生態誘因上突圍(已編列巨額代幣庫用於開發與推廣)。截至目前,網路穩定性表現不俗——除了空投期間部分流量管控、mempool 滿載外,基本未出過重大宕機。至於去中心化,zkSync 仍在進行中:目前由 Matter Labs 及合作夥伴負責排序器/prover,理論上任何人未來都能運行完整節點。node to verify。隨著時間推移,團隊計劃逐步去中心化這些組件,但在下次牛市來臨之前,這一進程不太可能完全實現。因此,類似於 Base,目前基礎設施層面上仍存在一定程度的中心化(這在年輕的 L2 上是常見現象)。不同的是,zkSync 的有效性證明限制了中心化被濫用的方式——即使是惡意的運營者,也無法偷竊資金或在不被發現的情況下篡改交易,因為無效的狀態變遷不會被 Ethereum 接受。這讓 zkSync 從設計上就具有非常強大的安全性能。
另一個重要因素是流動性與互操作性。zkSync 繼承了 Ethereum 的流動性優勢,但也有一個問題:資產在 L2 與 L1 之間移動會產生摩擦。然而,zkSync 一直積極整合跨鏈橋、法幣入金渠道,並致力於流暢的互通體驗。有分析指出,憑藉搶先上線並整合眾多服務(如 LayerSwap 橋、錢包、法幣入金),「zkSync Era 成為驗證場域……每個重要的整合都已在 Era 上大規模實施並接受壓力測試」,後來的 ZK Stack 鏈都能重複利用這些成果。這意味著 zkSync 把自己定位為流動性樞紐 —— 一個 L2 基礎層 —— 讓未來新鏈不會割裂用戶體驗。理念是,如果多條「彈性鏈」都採用 zkSync 技術棧,用戶能夠憑藉原生兼容性輕鬆在 zkSync Era 和其他鏈之間轉移資產。如今,已有超過 7.95 億美元跨鏈至 zkSync,並且有新鏈正與其互聯上線。若牛市引發多鏈狂潮,zkSync 方案可能令其成為大量活動的中心,作為 ZK-rollup 多元宇宙的「膠水」。此外,ZK 技術也為 zkSync 帶來獨特應用潛力——例如需要超快最終性或要求隱私的遊戲與應用,可能會選擇 zkSync 而非 optimistic rollup 或 Solana。
總結而言,zkSync 以一個創新的 L2 形象迎來牛市曙光,雖然其用戶數還不及 Solana 或 Base,但基本面強勁且發展勢頭良好。某種程度上,它是三者中技術上最具雄心的——試圖以零知識證明將 Ethereum 的安全性與 web 級效能結合。近期數據顯示平台日益成熟:已有大量資本(近 10 億美元 TVL)及實際使用量(數十萬筆交易,DeFi 和 NFT 活動增長)。如果 Boojum 等升級奏效,zkSync 有望迎來第二波增長,高 TPS 有機會追平甚至超越 optimistic rollup。此外,長線加密敘事偏愛 ZK 解決方案(許多 Ethereum 社群成員認為 ZK-rollup 是終極擴容方案)。在牛市情境下,zkSync 可能吸引那些因 Ethereum L1 成本過高而流失、又重視安全性、且不信任其它公鏈的用戶,以及看好其年輕生態、期待機會的投機者(特別是現在加入了 ZK 代幣後可捕獲生態價值)。雖然目前知名度略遜於 Solana 和 Base,但如果在市場繁榮時順利執行,其上行潛力十分可觀。
對比分析:效能、生態與主導因素
在分別介紹各網路後,我們可以對 Solana、Base、zkSync 進行多維比較,這些維度將決定哪一個(如果有的話)能在下一次牛市中稱霸。關鍵比較點包括網路效能與可擴展性、安全性與去中心化、生態面(如 DeFi、NFT 等)、用戶增長趨勢,以及專案戰略定位。三者均展現強勁動能,且各自切入方式不同——直接對比將讓優劣之處一目了然。
吞吐量與可擴展性
從純效能來看,Solana 目前以鏈上實際吞吐量領先。我們已看到 Solana 能處理每日數千萬筆交易,單日峰值達 6600 萬筆。其高性能設計能夠在平均負載下穩定處理 4,000–5,000 筆交易每秒(TPS),理論上最高可達約 65,000 TPS。2024 年底,Solana 單月 DEX 交易量約 1,100 億美元,大幅超越同期的 Ethereum。具體來看,Solana 當月 DEX 量為 1,090 億美元,Ethereum 則為 880 億美元。這說明 Solana 的吞吐量不只是理論值——已由實際用戶與應用廣泛發揮。此外,Solana 持續升級(如 Firedancer)預期還能再提升上限。不過,Solana 有效 TPS 受制於去中心化選擇(為避免網路宕機,當前速度受最慢驗證節點限制)。區塊時間約 0.4 秒,極快但也接近可安全運行的極限,除非全球節點效能有所提升或網路參數調整。
Base 做為 L2,安全依賴 Ethereum,其效能由 Optimism rollup 架構與 Ethereum 數據帶寬決定。值得一提的是,Base 於 2024 Q4 曾達到每日 700–800 萬筆交易,約等於 80–90 TPS。雖然遠低於 Solana 峰值,但以 Ethereum 擴容背景來說,Base 已是主網 6 倍交易量(主網約 15 TPS)。Base 也通過優化打包策略創下新高(如 8.8M 日交易)。重要的是,2024 年底 Ethereum Dencun 升級(proto-danksharding)大幅提升 L2 數據可用性,Base 能用更低成本將更大批次交易提交主網,大幅推升效能且壓低費用。因此,只要未來 Ethereum 持續擴容(如分片),Base 也有望再上層樓——日均數千萬筆交易不成問題。若未來實現完整 danksharding,Base 這類 L2 可能迎來另一個等級的擴容。牛市中,Base 可同步受益於 Ethereum 升級與自有優化。需要注意的是,Base 交易組成多為簡單資金轉帳與智能合約互動(如 Coinbase 比特幣包裹、交易 bot 等),因此每區塊可承載大量輕量化操作。
zkSync 在效能上則較具不確定性。目前其實際吞吐量較低——每日幾十萬筆(數 TPS)——因為尚未經過極端壓力測試,空投後需求也較為溫和。不過 zkSync 的上限極高。ZK-rollup 能進行交易並行、運用高效證明,其瓶頸來自證明生成速度與 Ethereum 帶寬。隨 Boojum 與其他升級,團隊目標是追上並超越現有 L2 標準。當牛市湧現大量交易需求,zkSync 能快速區塊最終化(無須等待多天),在壅塞時帶來順暢體驗。另一優勢是可以直接以更多證明資源(GPU/專用硬體等)提升吞吐量,這和 Solana(靠網路協調提升)或 Base(受以太坊帶寬限制)不同。必要時,zkSync 亦可動態啟用更多平行鏈(Elastic Chains)分流流量,再回主網結算,各鏈不互相塞車。這種模組化擴容可使 zkSync 整體網路能承載極大流量,但也增加跨鏈溝通複雜度,官方正以原生互通方案應對。
總結來說,目前 Solana 展現出三者中最強的鏈上吞吐量,但 Base 與 zkSync 都有合理機會升級到同一水準。Solana 已驗證高產能,Base 以太坊改進後可同步增長,zkSync 則有機會利用 ZK 硬體加速與多鏈「暴力追趕」。牛市時「有額外產能」意味著能否保持流暢體驗,避免擁堵。三者都用不同路徑試圖領先需求——Solana 靠優化 L1 區塊,Base 源於 Ethereum Roadmap 與 L2 外掛、zkSync 則寄望 ZK 技術提升。或許未來即使在牛市高峰,這三者都不會成為用戶流量的瓶頸,對整體加密生態是大利好。
安全性與去中心化
安全性至關重要,特別是當牛市吸引新資金大量進入時。這方面三者分歧極大:
- Solana 以獨立的權益證明(Proof-of-Stake)自我安全。目前全球有約 1,900+ 個驗證節點,Nakamoto 系數(聯合集體癱瘓網絡所需最少節點數)優於多數其他 L1,去中心化水平不錯。但因高效能需求,Validator 必須配備高規格硬體(多核心 CPU、充足記憶體與頻寬),過濾掉大部分業餘參與者,節點結構略向大資本傾斜。不過,近年 Solana 著力推進第二客戶端(Firedancer)及拓展地理分布,顯著強化了去中心化與安全性。網絡歷來抵抗了攻擊,過往幾次停機也都因為軟體 bug 或過載,而非 51% 惡意行動。2022–2023 年底,Solana 也大幅強化了程式碼……and processes after those outages, resulting in much improved stability (no major outage in 2023, and only brief slowdowns). One security wildcard is regulatory – Solana was labeled a “security” (in the legal sense) by U.S. regulators in mid-2023, which doesn’t directly impact network security but could influence which actors (exchanges, institutions) feel safe interacting with it. So far, that has not derailed its usage globally; Solana’s user base is truly international and often retail-driven.
並且在這些停機事件後優化流程,導致穩定性大幅提升(2023年沒有發生重大停機,僅有短暫的緩慢)。另外一個安全變數是監管問題——Solana 在2023年中被美國監管單位官方認定為「證券」(法律意義上的 security),雖然這並不會直接影響網路安全本身,但可能影響某些參與者(例如交易所、機構)是否感到安心地與其互動。到目前為止,這項認定尚未影響Solana的全球用量;Solana 的用戶基礎非常國際化,且多以散戶為主。
-
Base inherits security from Ethereum’s L1, which is a huge plus. The optimistic rollup model means that as long as Ethereum’s consensus is secure (with thousands of validators and robust PoS), Base’s transactions are ultimately secure and fraud-proof – provided someone watches for fraud. Typically, the Optimism framework relies on a fraud proof mechanism: if Base (or its sequencer) submitted an invalid state, someone could challenge it within a 7-day window to prove fraud and revert it. In practice today, Base’s fraud proofs and validation are handled by a combination of Coinbase and the Optimism collective; there isn’t yet a large third-party “watcher” ecosystem, but over time that is expected to decentralize. The main trust assumption with Base is the sequencer honesty and uptime: Coinbase runs the sequencer, which if it went offline, users might have to wait (potentially until the challenge period ends) to withdraw funds. If it censored transactions, users could still exit but might need to do so through an on-chain proof mechanism. Coinbase’s brand and legal accountability act as a bulwark against misbehavior. It’s also notable that Base does not publish all transaction data on Ethereum (Optimism chains use calldata compression techniques), but still enough to reconstruct the chain if needed. In terms of decentralization, Base is currently more centralized than Solana or zkSync – one entity controls block production. However, its validity comes from Ethereum’s decentralization, which is rock-solid. One could say Base trades off some decentralization at the execution layer for enhanced security and ease of use via Ethereum. During a frenzy, Base’s reliance on Ethereum could be a double-edged sword: if Ethereum gets extremely congested or has issues, Base could be indirectly affected (e.g. if posting call data becomes very expensive). The likelihood of Ethereum failing is extremely low, though, given its maturity.
-
Base 繼承了以太坊 L1 的安全性,這是一大優勢。Optimistic Rollup 模式意味著只要以太坊的共識層安全(數千個驗證者與成熟的PoS),Base 上的交易最終就能確保安全、且防詐——前提是有人監督詐欺行為。一般來說,Optimism 架構利用詐欺證明機制:如果 Base(或其區塊排序者)提交了無效狀態,任何人都可以在7天內提出挑戰,舉證詐欺並還原結果。實際上,目前 Base 的詐欺證明與驗證工作由 Coinbase 與 Optimism 組織負責;尚未形成大型第三方「監督者」生態系,但未來預期會走向去中心化。Base 的信任依賴主要在於排序者的誠信與上線時間:由 Coinbase 維運排序者,如果排序器離線,使用者可能需要等到挑戰期結束才能提領資金。如果 Coinbase 對交易審查,使用者仍能退出,但必須透過鏈上證明機制才能實現。Coinbase 的品牌與法律責任對防範不當行為構成保護。同時值得注意的是,Base 不會將所有交易數據發佈到以太坊(Optimism 鏈採用 calldata 壓縮),但仍有足夠數據可在必要時重建鏈資料。在去中心化層面,目前 Base 比起 Solana 或 zkSync 更為中心化——由單一主體控制出塊。不過 Base 的有效性來自於以太坊的去中心化,這個基礎極為穩固。換句話說,Base 在執行層犧牲部分去中心化,換取以太坊帶來的安全性與易用性。在市場狂熱期間,Base 太依賴以太坊可能會成為雙面刃:假設以太坊極度壅塞或出現故障,Base 也會連帶受影響(例如發佈 calldata 成本爆升)。但就目前以太坊的成熟度來說,整體失效機率極低。
-
zkSync also leverages Ethereum’s L1 security, but in an even stronger way: every batch of zkSync transactions comes with a validity proof that Ethereum verifies. This means there is no scenario where an invalid state can be finalized on zkSync, as the cryptographic proof simply won’t allow it – a level of security equivalence to Ethereum that optimistic rollups theoretically achieve only if a fraud proof is actually submitted in time. In zkSync’s case, security doesn’t rely on honest watchers (though decentralizing the prover is important for liveness). Right now, Matter Labs and a few others run the proving nodes, which introduces some centralization similar to Base’s sequencer issue. If those provers stopped, the chain could halt (no new state updates) until someone else stepped in with the proving keys to resume. The team likely has measures to decentralize this, possibly allowing community-run provers in the future. As for decentralization, zkSync’s sequencer is also currently centralized (operated by the project team), so in practice it’s not yet permissionless who orders transactions. They have pledged to decentralize this component too, but it might take time. Even so, zkSync inherits Ethereum’s decentralization at the consensus layer – users always have the security of Ethereum validating the state transitions. In a high-traffic scenario, zkSync’s ZK proofs ensure the network doesn’t get bogged down in fraud disputes, which is a peace-of-mind advantage. The flip side is that generating proofs is computationally heavy; if activity skyrockets, the sequencer might have to delay accepting transactions until proofs are ready (this is something upgrades like Boojum aim to mitigate). Summarily, zkSync’s security model is extremely robust; its decentralization of operations is a work in progress but philosophically aligned with Ethereum’s values.
-
zkSync 同樣利用以太坊 L1 的安全性,但其方式更加嚴謹:每一批 zkSync 交易都會產生一組有效性證明,並由以太坊負責驗證。這意味著 zkSync 上沒辦法發生無效狀態被最終確認的情境,因為加密證明根本不允許這種結果——安全層級與以太坊本身等價,而 Optimistic Rollup 理論上只有詐欺證明及時提交時才能辦到類似等級。對 zkSync 來說,安全性不依靠誠信的監視者(雖然 prover 的去中心化對持續運作很重要)。目前 zkSync 的 prover 節點由 Matter Labs 及少數其他團隊營運,這同樣帶來類似於 Base 排序者的中心化問題。如果這些 prover 停止運作,鏈就會停止(不再有新狀態產生),直到有其他人持有 proving key 並接手。團隊預計有措施將 prover 去中心化,未來有望允許社區 prover 加入。至於去中心化,zkSync 的排序者目前同樣是中心化運作(由項目方團隊維護),所以實際上現階段交易排序尚未做到完全無許可。他們已承諾未來也會推進這部份的去中心化,但仍需時間。不過,zkSync 在共識層繼承以太坊去中心化——用戶始終有以太坊作為狀態認證保證。在高流量情境下,zkSync 的 ZK 證明能確保網絡不會卡在詐欺爭議中,讓使用者更安心。反面是產生證明計算負擔極重;如果活動暴增,排序器可能必須延遲接受新交易,直到產生證明(Boojum 等升級就是為了改善這點)。總結來說,zkSync 的安全模型非常紮實,營運層面的去中心化仍在逐步推進,理念上與以太坊價值一脈相承。
Interoperability and Network Effects are another aspect of “security” in the broader sense of user funds safety. Solana exists in its own ecosystem, so bridging assets to and from other chains (like Ethereum) involves external bridge protocols, which historically have been points of failure (e.g., the Wormhole bridge hack in 2022 was a high-profile $300M exploit on a Solana-Ethereum bridge). In contrast, Base and zkSync, being on Ethereum, allow users to move assets via the Ethereum bridge (smart contracts) which are much more secure by design. There is no need for a third-party custodian; one can withdraw from the L2 to Ethereum L1 trustlessly (only waiting period or proof time). This is a big advantage for Base/zkSync in terms of fund security. If a bull run triggers lots of bridging (people moving assets to chase yields across chains), Ethereum L2s might inspire more confidence than an external bridge to Solana. However, Solana is integrating better bridges and even exploring native solutions for connecting to Ethereum (and other chains like Cosmos). It recently benefited from projects like Wormhole’s new guardians and Circle’s Cross-Chain Transfer Protocol for USDC that make moving stablecoins across chains safer. Still, the perception remains that Ethereum L2s are an extension of Ethereum and thus “safer” venues for assets, whereas moving to an alt-L1 is a step out of the walled garden.
互通性與網絡效應也是「安全性」的廣義體現,關乎用戶資產的安全。Solana 存在於自身獨立的生態圈中,要與其他鏈(如以太坊)互轉資產需要第三方跨鏈橋協議,這在過去時常成為失誤點(例如 2022 年知名在 Solana–Ethereum Wormhole 跨鏈橋的 $3 億駭客事件)。相較之下,Base 與 zkSync 建構在以太坊上,允許用戶直接透過以太坊智能合約橋移轉資產,這種設計本質上更加安全。不需第三方託管人,使用者可從 L2 無信任地直接提領資產回以太坊 L1(僅需等待期或證明時程),這點對 Base/zkSync 的資金安全是大優勢。如果牛市來臨帶動大量跨鏈資金流動(用戶追高收益而不停轉鏈),以太坊 L2 比起連到 Solana 的外部橋在信心上更勝一籌。不過,Solana 也在整合更好的橋樑,甚至嘗試連結以太坊(及 Cosmos 等鏈)的原生解決方案。近期受益於 Wormhole 新 guardians 計畫及 Circle 推出的 USDC 跨鏈協議,讓穩定幣跨鏈更安全。儘管如此,大眾對以太坊 L2 的認知依舊是以太坊生態的延伸,自然成為更「安全」的資產場址;而轉往另類 L1 則會被視為跳離圍牆花園。
From a decentralization ethos perspective, Ethereum’s community (which Base and zkSync inherit) is very focused on credible neutrality and censorship-resistance. Coinbase, despite being a centralized exchange, has so far operated Base in line with those values (no known censorship incidents). Matter Labs similarly has an ethos of open-source (eventually; they faced some early criticism for not immediately open-sourcing everything, but have been remedying that). Solana’s community, on the other hand, often emphasizes performance and user experience, occasionally drawing criticism from Ethereum maximalists on decentralization. But it’s noteworthy that Solana’s decentralization has been improving – for instance, its “Nakamoto coefficient” (decentralization metric) reportedly surpassed that of many other chains including some L2 sequencer sets. And by having two independent clients now, it’s eliminated a single point of software failure that even Ethereum hasn’t (Ethereum is still dominated by one client, Geth, albeit others exist).
從去中心化精神來看,以太坊社群(Base 與 zkSync 均繼承這種價值)極度重視可信中立性及抗審查能力。Coinbase 雖然是中心化交易所,但目前運營 Base 仍維持上述價值(未有審查事件)。Matter Labs 也強調開源精神(雖然早期因為暫時未全開源被批評,目前已持續改善)。Solana 社群則更強調效能與用戶體驗,偶爾因此被以太坊極端擁護者認為去中心化不夠。不過值得注意的是,Solana 的去中心化也明顯進步——例如其「Nakamoto coefficient」(去中心化度量標準)據稱已超越許多其他公鏈,包括部分 L2 排序器集。加上現在已有兩組獨立客戶端,Solana 已排除掉過去那種單一軟體故障點,這甚至連以太坊都還沒做到(以太坊仍以 Geth 為主,雖然也有其他客戶端存在)。
In summary, all three networks score well on security, but via different means. Solana: secure by its own robust PoS network, though more “self-contained” and historically perceived as less decentralized than Ethereum; Base: secure by Ethereum’s consensus, but with a centralized operator – a model that works as long as Coinbase is cooperative and Ethereum is secure; zkSync: secure by advanced cryptography and Ethereum, with eventual decentralization of operations on the horizon. Users will make choices based on trust models: some will favor Solana’s sovereignty (no dependency on Ethereum) while others will prefer the comfort of Ethereum-backed security in Base/zkSync. If dominance is to be achieved, the winning network must not falter in security when it matters most. A single major exploit or prolonged network outage in a bull run could severely damage confidence. Solana has been battle-testing its fixes after past outages and appears stable; Base and zkSync are relatively newer but backed by time-tested Ethereum security. It’s a close call – none has a glaring weakness here now, though Solana’s past outages and bridges hacks in the ecosystem are cautionary tales that it must continue to prove are things of the past.
總結來說,這三條網路皆在安全面表現優異,但途徑不一:Solana 透過自身強大的 PoS 網路實現安全,但屬於較「自給自足」模式,歷來被視為去中心化程度略低於以太坊;Base 依賴以太坊的共識機制實現安全,但營運端集中於單一營運者——只要 Coinbase 配合、以太坊穩健,這模型就運作良好;zkSync 則靠先進密碼學與以太坊確保安全,運維去中心化則在發展中。用戶會依信任模型選擇平台:有人看重 Solana 主權(不受以太坊牽連),有人偏向 Base/zkSync 擁有以太坊背書的安全感。如果想要稱王,勝出的網路必須在關鍵時刻不出安全問題;牛市若出現大型駭客或長時間網路當機,都會嚴重衝擊信心。Solana 過去停機風暴後已反覆驗證各種修復,現階段很穩定;Base 與 zkSync 較新但有以太坊的實戰經驗作後盾。競爭非常激烈——目前三者都沒有明顯弱點,僅 Solana 過去的當機與橋樑骯髒事件仍是生態警示,必須持續證明已成歷史。
Ecosystem Depth: DeFi, NFTs, Social, and Beyond
生態深度:DeFi、NFT、社交到更多
One way to judge which network might dominate the next bull run is to see where the users, developers, and capital are congregating – in essence, the richness of each ecosystem. All three networks are building broad ecosystems, but with different focal points and successes to date:
判斷何者會主導下波牛市,可以觀察用戶、開發者與資金的匯聚處——也就是看各自生態有多豐富。這三條鏈都在建構廣泛生態系,但重點領域與歷來表現各有分野:
-
Decentralized Finance (DeFi): Solana’s DeFi ecosystem was hit hard in the 2022 bear market (TVL shrank, some projects collapsed or moved). Yet, as of 2024, it roared back strongly. Solana now boasts highly liquid DEXs (Raydium, Orca, Jupiter aggregator), lending protocols (Solend, Mango), stablecoin markets (including native USDC issuance), derivatives platforms (like Drift) and more. The statistic that Solana handled 81% of all DEX trades in the first half of 2024, clearing nearly $890B in DEX volume by mid-2025, speaks to a DeFi resurgence. Solana’s DeFi appeal is largely rooted in its ability to offer fast, cheap trades, which is catnip for retail traders and arbitrage bots alike. The ecosystem also innovated with things like orderbook-based exchanges (Serum in the past, now Phoenix) that were hard to run on slower chains. By Q4 2024, Solana’s DeFi TVL (~~$9B) actually rivaled some of Ethereum’s L2s plus other L1s combined, re-establishing it as a DeFi hub. Base’s DeFi, in contrast, is newer and smaller in TVL (~~$2–3B by end of 2024), but it has seen significant usage volume. Base’s biggest DeFi apps have been DEXs (like Aerodrome, and Uniswap deployed there too) and some emerging lending protocols. Interestingly, Base’s DeFi profile skews toward “CeFi-adjacent” utility as well – for example, Coinbase created cbETH (a liquid staking token) and cbBTC specifically for Base to facilitate bridging assets. High-liquidity trading of these assets on Base indicates that it functions partly as an extension of centralized exchange liquidity into DeFi. Furthermore, Base became known for hosting novel
-
去中心化金融(DeFi):Solana 的 DeFi 生態在 2022 年熊市大受衝擊(TVL 縮水,不少項目崩潰或遷移)。然而進入 2024 之後又強勢反彈。Solana 現在擁有*高流動性的 DEX(Raydium、Orca、Jupiter 聚合器)、借貸協議(Solend、Mango)、穩定幣市場(包括原生 USDC 發行)、衍生品平台(如 Drift)*等。數據顯示 Solana 2024 上半年就已經承接 81% 所有 DEX 交易,預計到 2025 年中 DEX 交易量接近 8900 億美元,證明 DeFi 生機復甦。Solana 的 DeFi 魅力主要源於能夠提供又快又便宜的交易體驗,讓散戶和套利機器人大量湧入。整個生態也創新推出難以在慢鍊實現的訂單簿型交易所(過去是 Serum,現在是 Phoenix)。2024 年 Q4,Solana DeFi TVL(約 90 億美金)甚至可媲美部分以太坊 L2 +其它 L1 的總和,重新確立其 DeFi 樞紐地位。反觀 Base DeFi 發展時間較短,TVL 到 2024 年底僅約 20~30 億美金,但實際使用量已相當突出。Base 主要 DeFi 應用以 DEX(如 Aerodrome、Uniswap 也有部署)和新興借貸協議為主。有趣的是,Base 在 DeFi 的定位也偏「中心化金融(CeFi)周邊」——例如 Coinbase 特別為 Base 創建了 cbETH(流動質押代幣)和 cbBTC 來促進跨鏈橋資產移轉,相關資產在 Base 上的高流動交易表明,它某種程度上成為中心化交易所流動性的延伸。再者,Base 也以承載創新的 DeFi 應用而知名……asset classes like tokenized AI agents. At one point in late 2024, Base captured a large chunk of the trading in the new fad of AI-generated agent tokens – a category in which it “took a large portion of the market share away from Solana’s pioneer [AI token] GOAT”. That shows Base can compete with Solana on new narratives if they emerge. Meanwhile, zkSync’s DeFi is building from a smaller base. It had nearly $0.5B in DeFi value in early 2025, with projects like ZigZag (DEX), Mute (DEX), and various yield farms. More marquee Ethereum protocols are expected to deploy on zkSync as it matures; in fact, MakerDAO, one of the largest DeFi protocols, has discussed deploying on a ZK-rollup, and zkSync could be a candidate in the future. zkSync’s explicit courting of institutions also means we might see real-world asset DeFi (like on-chain funds, bonds, etc.) flourish there, complementing the typical crypto-native DeFi. For instance, if bond markets or forex were to come on-chain in a bigger way during a bull run, zkSync might be a favored network due to its focus on compliance-ready features and partnership with institutions.
像是代幣化 AI 代理人等資產類別。在 2024 年底的一個時期,Base 牢牢抓住了新興 AI 生成代理人代幣這種時尚潮流的大量交易量——該類別中「搶走了 Solana 首發[AI 代幣] GOAT 的大部分市佔」。這顯示 Base 一旦出現新敘事,有能力直接與 Solana 競爭。與此同時,zkSync 的 DeFi 生態還在從較低基礎開始發展。到 2025 年初,其 DeFi 鎖倉價值(TVL)接近 5 億美元,主要來自 ZigZag(DEX)、Mute(DEX)以及各種收益農場。隨著 zkSync 日漸成熟,預期會有更多以太坊指標級協議佈署上來;舉例來說,最大 DeFi 協議之一的 MakerDAO 就曾討論將協議佈署到 ZK-rollup,zkSync 未來也有望成為選擇目標。zkSync 明確向機構用戶招手,也意味著未來在這裡看到真實資產 DeFi(如鏈上基金、債券等)繁榮發展的可能,補足典型加密原生 DeFi。例如,如果牛市中債券市場或外匯市場更大規模上鏈,因 zkSync 著重合規特性及與機構合作,或可成為首選網路。
-
NFTs and Gaming: In the NFT realm, Solana was the second-largest NFT ecosystem after Ethereum during the last bull run, with collections like Degenerate Ape Academy, Solana Monkey Business, and later y00ts and DeGods gaining significant value. Some of Solana’s top NFT projects did migrate to Ethereum or Polygon (e.g., DeGods and y00ts in 2023), which dented Solana’s NFT trading volume. Nonetheless, Solana still has a thriving NFT scene, often with lower-cost collectibles and gaming-related NFTs, and marketplaces like Magic Eden (which started on Solana). Solana’s advantage for NFTs is again low cost and fast settlement – minting and trading NFTs without worrying about high fees attracts a different demographic of creators and collectors. During 2024, we saw NFTs integrated with new concepts (like compressed NFTs for gaming, and NFTs tied to physical events on Solana). If the next bull run brings another wave of NFT mania, Solana is well-placed to capture the more mass-market end of it (cheaper items, gaming assets, music NFTs, etc.). Base’s NFT ecosystem kicked off with the Onchain Summer where people minted millions of NFTs (like Coinbase’s “Base, Introduced” NFT series). Base also became home to Zora’s “Every post is an NFT” concept as discussed, merging social media with NFTs. Additionally, Coinbase’s NFT marketplace could integrate directly with Base, potentially reviving Coinbase’s NFT efforts by leveraging their L2. So Base might see a strong showing in NFTs tailored to a broader audience (perhaps via Instagram-like experiences or influencer tokens). One anecdote: when Base launched, the first big NFT project was “Orb” by friend.tech (representing social accounts) and it spurred notable volume. That kind of social-NFT crossover could define Base’s unique niche. zkSync’s NFT and gaming capabilities are technically excellent (fast finality is great for in-game assets). There have been several NFT mints on zkSync and some gaming projects exploring it. The ecosystem is smaller, but if Ethereum NFTs get too costly, zkSync could be an attractive alternative for high-value NFTs requiring security (people might prefer a ZK-rollup to a sidechain for expensive art pieces, for instance, to ensure permanence on Ethereum). Also, given zkSync’s push into web3 gaming (they mention gaming specifically in their vision), we may see a number of blockchain games launch there. In a bull run, if “play-to-earn” or similar trends re-emerge, zkSync could try to capture that by offering both scale and the credibility of Ethereum (some game devs might trust it more than Solana after seeing, for example, the collapse of Terra which some games were on – although Solana is entirely different, perceptions matter).
-
NFT 與遊戲:在 NFT 領域,上輪牛市中以太坊之外最大的生態就是 Solana,經典藏品如 Degenerate Ape Academy、Solana Monkey Business,以及後來的 y00ts 和 DeGods 都有顯著價值。有些 Solana 頂級 NFT 專案後來遷移到以太坊或 Polygon(如 2023 年的 DeGods 與 y00ts),影響了 Solana 的 NFT 交易量。不過 Solana 依然有蓬勃的 NFT 圈,常見較低價的收藏品與遊戲相關 NFT,像 Magic Eden 這類市場(本來就是從 Solana 起家)。Solana 對 NFT 的優勢依舊是成本低、結算快——鑄造與交易時不用擔心高額手續費,能吸引另一群創作者和收藏者。2024 年也看到 NFT 融入新概念(如用於遊戲的壓縮 NFT、與實體活動綁定 NFT 等)。如果下輪牛市再現 NFT 熱潮,Solana 仍適合鎖定更大眾市場(平價物件、遊戲資產、音樂 NFT 等)。而 Base 的 NFT 生態是自 Onchain Summer 起步,當時大家鑄造數百萬 NFT(像 Coinbase 的 “Base, Introduced” NFT 系列)。Base 也成為 Zora「每一則貼文都是 NFT」理念的主場,將社群媒體與 NFT 結合。此外 Coinbase 的 NFT marketplace 若與 Base 緊密整合,有機會藉 L2 重新振作 NFT 佈局。因此 Base 有可能在面向大眾(像 IG 體驗或 KOL 代幣)NFT 市場展現強勁競爭力。舉例來說,Base 上線時,首個大型 NFT 專案是 friend.tech 推出的 “Orb”(代表社交帳戶),也帶來不錯成交量。這種社交與 NFT 交互融合,可能成為 Base 的特色利基。zkSync 本身 NFT 與遊戲性能非常出色(結算極快很適合遊戲資產)。zkSync 上已歷經多次 NFT 鑄造,也有幾個遊戲專案探索導入。雖然生態較小,但若以太坊 NFT 變得過於昂貴,zkSync 可做為對高價 NFT 需求安全性的可行替代(有人可能為保證永久上以太坊而偏好 ZK-rollup 而非側鏈,例如高價數位藝術品)。同時 zkSync 積極布局 web3 遊戲(願景中特別提到 gaming),未來有望有不少區塊鏈遊戲上線。如果牛市重現 play-to-earn 風潮,zkSync 以規模和以太坊背書,有機會吸引開發者(有些開發者可能在 Terra 崩盤後,更信任 zkSync 勝於 Solana——儘管兩者完全不同,但認知感受很重要)。
-
Social and Web3 Applications: Here we see distinct strategies. Solana has made plays in consumer apps beyond trading – notably launching Solana Pay (a payment protocol) which got a boost by integration with Shopify for USDC payments in 2023, enabling merchants to easily accept stablecoins on Solana. This indicates Solana’s aim to be a payments and commerce chain. Solana also introduced the Saga phone, an Android phone with a built-in Solana crypto wallet, showcasing its Web3 mobile ambitions. These efforts might not directly drive bull run speculation, but they seed infrastructure for real-world usage. During a bull market, if crypto payments pick up or mobile app integrations become popular, Solana could benefit from that groundwork. Base has clearly leaned into Web3 social. The transformation of Coinbase Wallet into Base’s “social” app and the explosion of Zora’s creator coins on Base is a prime example. Base might become the chain for crypto social networks, personal tokens, and community rewards because Coinbase is actively fostering that. We might even see Twitter-like or Reddit-like decentralized social platforms find a home on Base, given its low fees and easy onboarding (imagine logging in with a Coinbase account and immediately using a decentralized social app without hurdles). If “SocialFi” becomes a buzzword in the next bull run as some predict, Base is already leading that narrative with millions of micro-transactions tied to social content. zkSync hasn’t made a specific social app splash yet, but the technology could enable interesting things like private social transactions or identity solutions (ZK proofs are great for verifying credentials without doxing). Matter Labs also often mentions identity and privacy as areas of focus. It’s plausible zkSync will partner with projects in decentralized identity or messaging that leverage ZK proofs to ensure security and privacy. In a bull run, privacy might become a theme (especially as people become more conscious of on-chain data being public), and zkSync could tout its ability to integrate ZK-based privacy layers more natively than Solana or Base.
-
社交與 Web3 應用:三者在這方面策略各有差異。Solana 積極佈局消費級應用,不僅限於交易場景,例如推出 Solana Pay(支付協議),2023 年還與 Shopify 整合 USDC 支付,讓商戶能輕鬆收取 Solana 生態穩定幣。這顯示 Solana 希望成為支付與電商公鏈。Solana 亦推出 Saga 智慧型手機,Android 系統內建 Solana 錢包,展現 Web3 行動端野心。這些舉措也許對牛市投機推動有限,但已為鏈上實際應用打基礎。若牛市時加密支付或行動 App 整合需求暴增,Solana 有望受益。Base 明顯聚焦 Web3 社交,Coinbase Wallet 蛻變為 Base 的「社交」App、Zora 創作者幣在 Base 爆紅等都是例子。Base 或成為加密社交網路、個人代幣、社群獎勵主流鏈,因 Coinbase 大力扶持。未來我們甚至有機會在 Base 上看到類似 Twitter 或 Reddit 的去中心化社群平台(低手續費+Coinbase 一鍵登入,降門檻)。若下輪牛市 SocialFi 概念大熱,Base 已領跑此敘事——每日有上百萬次微支付與社交內容綁定。zkSync 目前尚無主打社交 App,但其技術可實現如隱私性社交交易或身份解決方案(ZK 證明適合驗資不曝露資訊)。Matter Labs 也多次表示專注於身份與隱私。預計 zkSync 會與去中心化身份或訊息專案合作,利用 ZK 證明強化安全與隱私。若牛市下「隱私」成熱門話題(尤其當大家愈來愈感知鏈上數據公開風險),zkSync 能主打原生整合 ZK 隱私層,比 Solana、Base 更有優勢。
-
Developer Adoption: We touched on developer metrics, but to reiterate comparatively: Solana had a surge, being the top magnet for new developers in 2024, doubling its share of interest among crypto founders from 5% to over 11% according to a16z data. Base also saw a big jump in developer interest (to about 10.7% of founders surveyed, nearly tying Solana). That puts both in an elite tier just behind Ethereum (which was ~20%). zkSync did not register as high in those broad surveys, presumably because it’s newer and many developers targeting Ethereum scaling might have gone to more established L2s first (Arbitrum, etc.). However, zkSync did have over 200 projects by early 2025 which is significant. Developer preference often translates to the richness of applications available. At this point, Solana and Base clearly have wider arrays of apps live and in development than zkSync. Solana benefits from being around longer and having had a full bull-bear cycle to shake out weaker projects and attract committed teams. Base benefits from instant EVM compatibility – any Ethereum app can deploy to Base with minimal changes and access Coinbase users. Indeed, Uniswap, Aave, Compound and other Ethereum blue-chips have deployed or plan to deploy on Base, whereas Solana has its own native equivalents (e.g., Orca instead of Uniswap, Solend instead of Compound, etc.). zkSync, being EVM-compatible as well, is in theory just as easy to deploy to as Base; it’s more a matter of focus and incentives that fewer have done so yet. That could change rapidly in a bull market if zkSync shows strong user growth or if they launch incentive programs with their token (e.g., liquidity mining or hackathons funded by the ZK token treasury).
-
開發者採用情況:前文觸及過開發者數據,這裡進行橫向比較:Solana 在 2024 年新進開發者吸引力大幅上升,據 a16z 數據,其加密創業者關注度由 5% 躍升至 11% 以上,居於首位。Base 開發者關注度同樣大增(調查創辦人約 10.7%,與 Solana 幾乎持平),兩者僅次於以太坊(約 20%)。zkSync 表現不如前兩者,推測一來較新,二來部分開發者優先投向已成熟的以太坊 L2(如 Arbitrum 等)。不過到 2025 年初,zkSync 也突破 200 個專案規模,是顯著成就。開發者選擇往往決定應用生態繁榮與否,目前 Solana 與 Base 現有與開發中應用遠多於 zkSync。Solana 得益於歷經多輪牛熊循環,弱專案淘汰、團隊成長茁壯。Base 則憑 EVM 完美相容——所有以太坊 App 幾乎無須改動即可佈署到 Base 並取得 Coinbase 用戶流量。像 Uniswap、Aave、Compound 等藍籌協議已經或計畫佈署到 Base,而 Solana 則各有原生對應(如 Orca 取代 Uniswap、Solend 取代 Compound 等)。zkSync 亦是 EVM 相容,所以理論上部署門檻和 Base 一樣低,問題只在於推廣與誘因。若進入牛市,zkSync 用戶量暴增或推出以原生代幣為基礎的激勵(如流動性挖礦、駭客松等),情況有望瞬間改變。
To sum up the ecosystem comparison: Solana currently has the deepest, most self-sufficient ecosystem (covering large DeFi markets, its own NFT culture, even retail payment apps). Base has a quickly growing ecosystem that piggybacks on Ethereum’s – excelling in areas like novel social tokens and acting as a hub for activity that bridges CeFi and DeFi. zkSync’s ecosystem is the youngest but could see explosive expansion, especially if ZK-rollups become the preferred scaling solution for major Ethereum dApps and institutions. Each has a bit of a specialization: Solana for high-frequency DeFi and consumer apps, Base for socially-driven Web3 and easy fiat integration, zkSync for ZK-proven secure DeFi and potentially enterprise use cases. In a bull run, all these segments (DeFi, NFTs, social, gaming) tend to explode simultaneously, so a winner might be the platform that can capture the most across these domains or that becomes the cultural hotspot for the cycle. Last cycle, for instance, Solana was arguably a cultural hotspot for a time (with things like Solana Summer memes). Base and zkSync will attempt to claim that mantle by catering to new users (Base via Coinbase funnel, zkSync via being shiny new tech and possibly big airdrop communities).
總結三鏈生態比較:Solana 目前擁有最深厚、最自給自足的生態(涵蓋大型 DeFi 市場、獨立 NFT 文化、甚至零售支付 App)。Base 則迅速藉助以太坊生態借力成長,橫跨創新社交代幣、鏈上 CeFi/DeFi 綜合活動樞紐等區塊。zkSync 則是最年輕,但若 ZK-rollup 成為主流以太坊 dApp 及機構擴容首選,未來爆發力不容小覷。三者定位有明顯專長:Solana 聚焦高頻 DeFi 與大眾級應用,Base 偏向社交驅動 Web3 與法幣無縫整合,zkSync 主打 ZK 安全認證 DeFi 並潛在切入企業級場景。牛市時這些分領域(DeFi、NFT、社交、遊戲)常會齊頭爆發,誰能最大範圍吃下這些需求、或成為該輪牛市的文化熱點,才能勝出。上輪牛市 Solana 就曾是短暫的文化熱點(如 Solana Summer 迷因)。這一輪 Base、zkSync 則將分別以 Coinbase 用戶流、或以新技術+空投大軍等方式,力爭新用戶主導權。
Momentum and Market Sentiment
The final comparative factor is more subjective but critical: momentum and sentiment going into the bull run. Crypto bull markets often have narrative tailwinds – a story that investors and users latch onto (e.g., “DeFi Summer”, “Ethereum killers”, “NFT mania”, etc.). Let’s gauge the narratives around our three contenders:
最後一個比較面向較為主觀但極為關鍵:進入牛市前的動能與市場情緒。加密牛市常有敘事紅利——投資者、用戶總會抓住某個故事(如「DeFi Summer」、「以太坊殺手」、「NFT 狂潮」等)乘風而上。讓我們來觀察這三大主角的敘事氛圍:
Solana’s narrative has shifted from skepticism back to optimism. After the FTX collapse (where Solana’s price and rep took a hit due to close ties), many had left it for dead. But by late 2023 and into 2024, Solana not only recovered but started thriving independently. Its price performance reflected that: SOL outperformed many top assets, even outpacing Ether by about 8x since 2023 in percentage gains as of early 2025. Solana returning to the top 10 by market cap and crossing the $100 billion valuation mark in late 2024 signaled big money was bullish on its resurgence. There is now a sense of *“underdog
Solana 的敘事已從懷疑逐步轉回樂觀。FTX 崩盤(當時 Solana 價格及聲譽因密切關聯受創)後,許多人一度認為 Solana 已死。但到了 2023 年末、進入 2024 年,Solana 不僅全面復甦,還以全新姿態獨立成長。價格表現可證——SOL 甚至相對以太坊,自 2023 以來累積漲幅高出約 8 倍(截至 2025 年初)。2024 年底 Solana 重返市值前十、突破千億美元大關,也顯示主流資本看好其再崛起。外界對它開始有「黑馬逆轉」的期待……Here is your translation in the requested zh-Hant-TW format. (Note: Markdown links will remain untranslated as instructed.)
將 “turned contender”* around Solana. Enthusiasts champion its high throughput and growing community, framing it as the foremost non-Ethereum ecosystem – “an Ethereum alternative that’s actually delivering on scaled DeFi”. 我們可以在相關報導中看到這種觀點,指出 Solana 加入了市值獨有的「$100B 俱樂部」且創下多年新高,有時甚至引領了市場的反彈。Solana 支持者也非常自豪於其獨立的開發者文化,往往比 EVM 社群更具實驗性(例如以 Rust 為核心的開發、採用不同的擴容方式)。如果大家還記得 2021 年牛市,Solana 曾經被極度炒作——這種盛況極有可能在下一輪牛市重現,並且建立在實際成就之上,如主導 DEX 交易量等。而另一方面,Solana 仍有一些不確定因素,例如 FTX 破產財團持有大量 SOL,這些代幣未來幾年可能有序出售,部分投資者視之為潛在拋壓。另外,美國 SEC 的態度也使 Solana 在美國市場面臨某種監管折價。不過,國際市場與整個加密社群而言,這些擔憂可能遠不及 Solana 顯而易見的成長。如果散戶用戶再次湧入加密市場,追求快速獲利和低廉手續費,Solana 作為 快速且用戶友善區塊鏈 的品牌形象,可能會如 2024 年一樣,再度在用戶數與交易量上遙遙領先(當時月活地址高達 1 億以上)。
Base 的敘事與 Coinbase 的聲譽及主流用戶導入緊密相連。許多人把 Base 視為 Web2 與 Web3 之間的橋樑——Coinbase 能夠順暢地將普通 App 用戶導入 Base 上的加密體驗。這裡的故事是 「透過最大的合規交易所促成大規模普及」。這樣的敘事在牛市中非常有吸引力,能吸引大量新手。新用戶毋須面對 MetaMask 或以太坊高額手續費,可能在不知不覺間,透過 Coinbase App 的某個功能與 Base 互動——例如 Coinbase 直接開放 NFT 購買或參與在 Base 上運行的遊戲,所有鏈上複雜性都在背後處理。這類採納故事最受牛市多頭歡迎。當 Base 上線時,我們就看到了這一苗頭,被視為連中心化巨頭也想擁抱 DeFi 與開放網路的證明。Base 沒有原生代幣,反而給予它不同程度的正當性——這不是又一個短線炒作,而是 Coinbase 推動鏈上經濟成長的戰略布局。雖然在牛市裡 Base 沒有原生代幣可炒,但它極可能帶動 ETH 價值(Base 要用 ETH 當 gas 費)。因此,ETH 信仰者可能會支持 Base 的成長,因為它會消耗更多 ETH。情緒上,Base 令人驚艷地很快登上 L2 頂尖,但也有些許審慎:在沒有代幣激勵下,活動水準能否維持?截至 2024 年底的持續增長,以及 2025 年像 Zora 社交代幣等新創舉,讓情緒轉趨正面——Base 似乎避免了只打一招鮮的命運。另一個新興故事是「超級鏈」敘事:Base 與 Optimism 及其他 OP Stack 公鏈組成網絡聯盟,技術與潛在流動性共享。這種合作取向(非純競爭)意味著 Base 並非要消滅其他 L2,而是共建更大的市場。這能讓用戶與開發者安心,投入 Base 的同時也能接軌更廣泛的以太坊擴容生態,而非僅局限於單一公司的產品。總體而言,如果這輪牛市的主題集中於主流用戶導入,Base 勢必成為焦點,未來在用戶量與交易量表現具主導潛力。
zkSync 的敘事根植於技術領先與以太坊的未來。它吸引那些願意長期駐足加密市場、相信技術優勢的人。可以這麼說:「零知識 rollup 是擴容的終極解——最優雅且安全的方案——而 zkSync 站在這場革命的最前線。」 下一輪牛市如果出現 ZK 證明(無論是用於擴容、隱私還是身份)的突破性進展,zkSync 有機會成為這一領域的寵兒,就如同過去 Polkadot、Cosmos 曾在互操作性敘事中受到熱捧一樣。隨著代幣發行,ZK 可能成為熱門資產,進而帶來 zkSync 網路指標的關注(人們往往會追蹤自己所持代幣鏈的表現)。已有分析師預測,到 2025 年,「zkSync 有望成為以太坊最受信賴的擴容協議之一」,尤其如果以太坊採用率仍在升高的話。保守觀點認為 zkSync 生態黏著性尚未完全證明——不少早期用戶主要為了空投而來。但每次牛市都會重新點燃鏈上活力,即便沉寂的專案在炒作氛圍下也會復甦。若 Matter Labs 能祭出大動作,譬如以激勵計畫吸引頂級 DeFi 協議,或示範一款 100% 在 zkSync 上運行、擁有上千玩家的遊戲,定將激發市場想像。此外,社群情緒層面:以太坊原教旨主義者可能偏好 zkSync(和其他 L2)而不是 Solana,因為它較符合以太坊藍圖。以加密部落來說,以太坊社群遠大於 Solana,因此若這批社群凝聚起來擁護某個 L2 成為「下一個大熱門」,那 L2 就極可能稱霸。2021-22 年時 Arbitrum 有點這種地位,是當時最多人青睞的 rollup。到 2025 年,市場風向可能轉向 ZK-rollup。CoinDesk 年度報告也預言 「ZK-rollup 和模組化公鏈將推動下一波擴容潮」——說明業界領袖已經期待 ZK 敘事大放異彩。若真如此,身為生態穩健且有流通代幣的「明日之星」ZK-rollup,zkSync 將收穫巨大。
最後,來看市占率與主導度指標:截至 2025 年初,Solana 在活躍地址(每月約一億)及去中心化交易所(DEX)日均交易量份額(2024 年底達 30%+)領先群倫。Base 則在 Layer-2 交易量(佔所有 L2 活動近半)與用戶增速(2024 年單一地址增加 2,100%)領跑。zkSync 則可能在創新數量(首個 zkEVM 主網)與特定利基領域市占率(鏈上 RWA 市場約 25%)居先。三者各可主張某種型態的主導地位:
- Solana 作為獨立 Layer-1 挑戰者,在部分應用數據上遙遙領先。
- Base 作為成長最快的 L2,與最大合規交易所有深度聯繫。
- zkSync 則是以先進密碼學擴容的火炬手。
至於「誰將主導下一輪牛市?」這題或許沒有單一答案。各自極可能在不同領域稱霸:Solana 可能主導 散戶交易量及吸睛的消費性 dApp 活動,Base 則可能主導 新用戶導入及整體交易筆數,zkSync 則可能 主導敘事層面乃至機構級 DeFi 採用。若非得選出一個整體冠軍,則須權衡獨立 L1(Solana)在牛市狂潮下能否比以太坊疊加方案(Base 和 zkSync 為代表)吸納更多價值與用戶活動。
以太坊本身毫無疑問仍是價值最高的單一生態圈——但其中大部分用量未來很可能發生在 L2 上。意味深長的是,2024 年底,若把以太坊主網與其大 L2(如 Arbitrum、Base、Optimism)合計,DEX 交易量及其他指標上都超越 Solana。例如以太坊主網加上頂級 L2,期間 DEX 交易量約為 $150B,而 Solana 則為 $109B。顯示各 L2 合力早已勝過 Solana,但單一來看 Solana 仍勝任何一條 L2,只是 Base 最近已經急起直追。2024 年第四季,Base 拿下 19% DEX 市占率,對照 Solana 30%、Arbitrum 10%。如果 Base 能保持現有增長,很有可能在未來牛市單一鏈交易量上追上 Solana。zkSync 的份額則仍有很大追趕空間,不過牛市時格局變化極快——就像 Base 幾個月內便超車較早的 L2,假如 zkSync 有合適的催化劑(如 killer app 或 ZK 生態的流動性挖礦熱),也可能迅速躍進。
就開發者心智占有率及長期可持續性而言,a16z 報告有公允總結:以太坊仍以約 21% 開發者份額居首,Solana 與 Base 已成新一代開發者主力聚集地,各佔大約 11%。zkSync 未明確列名,可能歸在「其他」分類或尚未達顯著規模。不過,如果假定以太坊底層不會因擴容瓶頸而主導用量,競爭基本就是 以太坊衛星(如 Base、zkSync 及其他 L2)聯盟 對上 獨立高效能生態(Solana)。兩者皆有明顯成長空間,但主導意味著一家獨大。
展望:誰將引領下波牛市?
綜合前述分析,Solana、Base、zkSync 憑藉各自優勢都有問鼎「主導權」的實力,端看怎麼定義主導——是用戶數活躍、總鎖倉價值、市值規模還是文化影響力?結語時不妨來個前瞻總評:
- Solana 有望在高價值活動和散戶熱潮主導地位。它已證明只要牛市來臨,能吸引大量用戶進行情緒型交易、迷因幣和 NFT。如果下一輪牛市讓數百萬新散戶湧入,尋找速度快、手續費低的鏈來做交易或遊戲,Solana 活動量可能再度突破 2024 年高點。其在可靠性上的改善以及重生的積極敘事,為其增添動能。可預期 Solana 很可能成為牛市期間的核心舞台。to how it was in 2021 – possibly reaching new highs in price and usage, and hosting some of the cycle’s viral dApps (maybe the next big game or metaverse could choose Solana for performance reasons). One fact-based forecast from industry insiders even imagines Solana’s ecosystem value growing to challenge Ethereum’s market cap in the coming years. While that is speculative, it shows the renewed confidence some have in Solana’s trajectory.
回到2021年的狀態——價格與使用量有可能創下新高,並且有機會成為本輪週期爆紅dApp(也許下一個重磅遊戲或元宇宙會因績效選擇Solana)。根據業界內部人士的一份事實基礎預測,Solana生態系的價值在未來幾年甚至有望成長到足以挑戰以太坊市值。雖然這仍屬於猜測,但顯示出部分人對Solana發展路徑的新信心。
-
Base is set to dominate in user onboarding and breadth of usage. Because it lowers the barrier for normal users to go on-chain, Base could become the busiest network by number of transactions and active addresses during a bull run. We’ve already seen Base leading L2s in daily transactions, and with Coinbase likely to integrate more services (maybe direct retail CBDC or stablecoin payments on Base, or integrating Base with its merchant and institutional services), the growth could be exponential. Base might not have the highest TVL (since it doesn’t incentivize locking funds with a token), but it could have the highest number of users doing something on-chain. If one imagines, say, 50 million Coinbase retail users each trying an NFT or DeFi app on Base because it’s one click away, the network effects are staggering. Base also stands to benefit from macro events – for example, if U.S. regulators/wallets favor a compliant chain, Coinbase’s Base might be seen as the “safe” choice to build on.
-
Base 預期將在用戶導入和使用廣度上取得主導地位。由於它降低了普通用戶進入鏈上的門檻,Base在牛市期間有可能成為 交易量與活躍地址數最多的網路。我們已經看到Base在日交易量上領先其他二層方案,而Coinbase預計會整合更多服務(例如直接在Base上進行CBDC零售或穩定幣支付,或是與其商戶與機構業務深度整合),這種成長可能呈指數型爆發。Base 的 TVL 或許不是最高(因為它沒有用代幣激勵鎖倉資金),但它可能會擁有 最多的用鏈上功能的用戶數。如果你想像,有五千萬Coinbase零售用戶,僅需一鍵就能在Base上嘗試 NFT 或 DeFi 應用,所產生的網路效應是驚人的。Base 也有機會受惠於宏觀事件——例如,如果美國監管/錢包傾向於合規型鏈,那麼Coinbase的Base可能會被視為建構應用的「安全」選擇。
-
zkSync may dominate in the innovation and DeFi scalability narrative. It could become the go-to network for serious DeFi players once it demonstrates its full capabilities. If by the peak of the bull run zkSync has delivered 10k+ TPS and a rich suite of protocols, it might attract large institutional trading volumes (for instance, imagine high-frequency trading firms using zkSync for its combination of speed and Ethereum-grade security – Solana has attracted HFT firms too, but some TradFi might prefer an Ethereum-aligned solution due to familiarity with Ethereum’s legal and technical stack). Also, zkSync has the chance to dominate any narrative around privacy – if it adds layer-3s for private transactions, it could be the only one of the three offering that out-of-the-box, which could be a huge draw for certain users by then. Its token, ZK, might also show “dominance” in market performance if investors bet on ZK-rollups becoming huge – one can envision ZK’s market cap climbing sharply in a speculative wave, which itself becomes a feedback loop driving more curiosity and development on zkSync.
-
zkSync 有望在創新性與去中心化金融(DeFi)擴展性的敘事方面取得領先。只要展示出完整實力後,zkSync可能會成為 專業DeFi玩家首選的網路。如果在牛市高峰時,zkSync 能實現每秒一萬次以上的交易吞吐量,以及許多豐富協議套件,它可能吸引大量機構級的交易量(例如,高頻交易公司選用 zkSync,看中其速度與以太坊級別的安全性——Solana 也吸引了HFT公司,但某些傳統金融機構可能因熟悉以太坊的法律和技術架構而更願意採用與以太坊一致的方案)。此外,zkSync 有機會主導有關隱私的任何敘事——如果加入三層協議以實現私密交易,屆時它可能是三者當中唯一原生支持這一特性的,這對特定用戶來說將是極大吸引力。其代幣ZK也有可能在市場表現上展現「主導性」,如果投資者看好ZK-rollups的爆發成長——可以想像ZK市值在投機浪潮中大幅飆升,進而產生正向反饋,帶動zkSync更多好奇心與開發熱潮。
Ultimately, the next bull run is likely to be multi-chain in reality. No single chain may “kill” the others; instead, each could excel in different sectors. The crypto market is vast enough to accommodate multiple winners. In practical terms, users might be chain-agnostic: a gamer could be on Solana for one game, a DeFi trader on zkSync for an arbitrage, and a content creator on Base for social tokens, all within the same frenzy of a bull market.
最終,下一輪牛市極有可能是真正的多鏈格局。沒有單一區塊鏈會「殺死」其他鏈;反而,每條鏈都能在不同領域脫穎而出。加密市場夠大,可以容納多個贏家。實務上,用戶可能並不在乎是哪條鏈:某位玩家可能因一款遊戲選擇Solana,DeFi套利者選用zkSync,內容創作者則在Base發行社交代幣——這一切都能同時出現在牛市浪潮下。
An unbiased, fact-grounded outlook would say: Solana, Base, and zkSync are all poised to be top-tier platforms in the coming bull run, but measuring dominance will depend on the metric. Solana has a head start in proven capacity and an avid community, Base has the largest funnel of new users and the backing of a trusted exchange, and zkSync has the most advanced scaling tech aligned with Ethereum’s future. Each carries the momentum of recent successes: Solana’s DeFi and address count hitting all-time highs, Base’s rapid uptake and integration of novel social finance models, and zkSync’s achievement in rolling out zkEVM and capturing significant RWA value.
若以公正且有事實根據的觀點來看:Solana、Base以及zkSync都已具備成為下一輪牛市頂級平台的條件,但「主導性」的量度依據會因指標而異。Solana在表現能力和熱情社群方面有領先優勢;Base擁有最大的新用戶導入渠道與值得信賴的大所背書;zkSync則擁有最頂尖且緊貼以太坊未來趨勢的擴容技術。三者都承載著近期成功的動能:Solana的DeFi和地址數創下新高,Base迅速推廣並整合新型社交金融模式,zkSync則成功推出zkEVM並斬獲可觀的RWA(現實世界資產)價值。
If one were to hazard a fact-based forecast on which might lead, a reasonable scenario is: Ethereum L2s collectively (with Base and zkSync as key players) will likely outpace any single alt-L1 in combined activity and value, continuing the trend of Ethereum’s ecosystem expansion. However, among individual networks, Solana could very well remain the single busiest L1 outside of Ethereum, and Base could become the single busiest L2, effectively putting those two in a neck-and-neck race for highest transactions and users. zkSync might trail slightly in users vs. Base (due to Coinbase’s huge advantage), but could surpass Base in total value if big DeFi projects and institutions pour liquidity into it, thanks to its strong security assurances.
如果要基於事實對誰可能領先做出預測,比較合理的情境是:以Base與zkSync為主力的以太坊二層方案(L2)總體上將在活動量與價值面超越單一的替代型一層鏈(alt-L1),持續擴大以太坊生態系的優勢。不過,個別網路來看,Solana很有可能依舊是以太坊之外最繁忙的第一層鏈(L1),而Base則可能成為交易與用戶量最大的L2,這使兩者在最高交易量與活躍用戶數上展開正面競爭。由於Coinbase巨大的用戶優勢,zkSync的用戶數或許略遜於Base,但如果大型DeFi項目與機構資金流入,憑藉其安全優勢,zkSync在總鎖倉價值上可能會超車Base。
In conclusion, the next bull run may not crown an absolute, one-chain-to-rule-them-all victor – but rather see Solana, Base, and zkSync each solidify themselves as dominant in their respective domains. Solana will showcase how a high-performance L1 can thrive alongside Ethereum, Base will demonstrate the power of seamless mainstream integration, and zkSync will highlight the arrival of cutting-edge cryptographic scaling in real markets. Crypto enthusiasts should watch all three closely: their competition – and coexistence – is likely to define the multi-chain flavor of the next bull market. Rather than betting on one, the savviest approach may be recognizing the different strengths each brings to a future where multiple networks dominate together in driving crypto’s growth.
總結來說,下一輪牛市不太可能誕生一條絕對、一統天下的鏈——而會是Solana、Base、zkSync各自在其領域站穩主導地位。Solana將展現高效L1如何能與以太坊共榮並茁壯,Base將展示主流無縫整合的實力,而zkSync則會凸顯最前沿密碼學擴容技術在實際市場的落地。加密愛好者都應密切關注這三者:他們的競爭——以及共存——很可能定義下一個牛市的多鏈主旋律。與其壓寶於單一鏈,不如認識三者各自帶來的優勢,在未來多鏈共同推動加密成長的格局中搶得先機。

